TOPIC 1: WEIMAR REPUBLIC
SOCIAL ECONOMIC POLITICAL RISE OF NAZIS
POST WW1: POST WW1: POST WW1: Munich Putsch 1923: Hitler seized the
Increased gaps in living standard ToV reparations + Article 231: Kaiser abdicated 9th Nov = temporary Bavarian governor + started march on
between rich and poor 6.6 billion marks, 13% land lost, parliament under Ebert (country near Berlin; was defeated by police + Hitler
600,000 widows, 2 million military limitations to 100,000 men revolution but wanted to avoid it) arrested (brought national publicity,
fatherless children Lack of industrial production Weimar Constitution est Nov claimed he was a political martyr, wrote
Stab in the back + November State spent 1/3 budget on war 1918 ‘Mein Kampf’)
criminals = army + public felt pensions Presidents elected by universal Golden Years 1924-29: limited support
betrayed by leaders who promised Occupation of Ruhr: Fell behind franchise, could declare state of due to prosperity in the country
victory. Felt humiliated + resented on reparation payments = France + emergency (article 48) + elect 12 seats in 1928 elections
the politicians who signed the Belgium occupied the Ruhr to chancellor Built support by Hitler Youth and
armistice. control coal production. Proportional representation = Students’ League (indoctrinated the
Hindenburg allowed the Workers went on strike but were many coalitions young as they were the future of the
military to remain to avoid still paid = printed more money Challenges from left: Spartacist regime)
opposition from the army and = hyperinflation revolt 1919 – Rosa Luxembourg + Karl Goebbels put in charge of
military-related elites Hyperinflation: destroyed savings, Liebknecht (leaders) put down + propaganda 1929
Golden years 1924-29: wages bread cost 500 million killed by Freikorps WSC + Great Depression:
rose, 8-hour day introduced, Stresemann: Dawes Plan (US Challenges from right: Kapp Putsch Government looked weaker + unable to
standards of living rose HOWEVER loans of 800 million + 1920 – Wolfgang Kapp – put down deal with crisis
farmworkers earnings remained rescheduled deadline to 1980s), when trade unions called a general Nazis offered bread + work; targeted
low, still wage disputes + strikes introduction of Rentenmark strike = paralysed public services unemployed/working class
over levels of taxation. WSC + Great Depression 1929: WSC + Great Depression: Many feared communism would arise
Creation of Bauhaus USA called in all loans (Germany Many young unemployed people Seats rose to 288 by November
movement = increase in the was relying on them) joined the SA 1932 elections
arts; music, art, theatre etc. Demand for German goods Depression weakened the Great Backstairs Intrigue:
collapsed Coalition 1. Von Papen removed from power
Production was cut back = Hindenburg brought in Bruning as + replaced with von Schleicher
unemployment Chancellor = threatened ruling by 2. Papen began to communicate
article 48 if he was not supported with Hitler while Schleicher is
by majority (continued to rule by unable to gain a majority = Hitler
decree – weakened democracy) looks stronger
Nazi party made gains in 3. Hindenburg loses confidence in
popularity Schleicher + instructs Papen to
talk to Hitler: both believed they
could control Hitler if he was
chancellor
4. Hindenburg withdrew support for
Schleicher Jan 1933, Hitler
demands the position of
Chancellor + von Papen agrees.
, 5. Hitler appointed Chancellor 30th
Jan 1933.
TOPIC 2: EST OF NAZI DICTATORSHIP
SOCIAL ECONOMIC POLITICAL OPPOSITION
Radio propaganda + censorship: Reich Radio Company mass Schacht’s (minister of Feb 1933 Reichstag Fire: Hitler claimed it Communists: cells in
produced cheap radios – by 1939, 70% of Germany had a radio economics) economic was a communist coup – decree for the large cities, produced
Press propaganda + censorship: Shut down socialist/communist strategy: Followed a policy of protection of people and the state = Hitler pamphlets attacking the
newspapers. Reich Press Chamber reviewed every article before public investments: deficit granted emergency powers; communism was Nazis. Minimal impact;
publication financing banned + trade unions were dissolved arrested after Reichstag
Arts propaganda + censorship: Jazz + Jewish artists was forbidden, Set low interest rates March 1933 Enabling Act: gave chancellor Fire
Theatres, plays and movies had to be approved (showed German Reschedule debts of local total power – full power was transferred to the Social Democrats:
power). Traditional art and music prohibited. authorities Chancellor + government; parliamentary Worked underground,
Literature propaganda + censorship: Reich Chamber of Literature Assistance of farmers + small legislation came to an end leadership was often
banned + burnt books from Jewish authors – had to approve books businesses Banned all other political parties apart from arrested; often produced
Position of workers: unemployment fell to 1.6million by 1936 due to Introduced public works e.g. the Nazi Party anti-Nazi propaganda
job schemes + conscription = rise in support autobahn GLEICHSCHALTUNG: coordination of the Trade Unions: weakened
Many workers lost rights – independent unions were banned + Government expenditure rose German state + the Nazi Party by arrests 1933-4, but
replaced by the German Labour Front (DAF) which was under 70% from 1933-36 Night of the Long Knives: assassination of carried out strikes in 1935-
Nazi control anyway. Schacht’s new plan Ernst Rohm, dissolution of the SA 6/45, however industrial
Lost rights to negotiate wage + conditions of work (met with (September 1934): Won support of the conservative right action proved ineffective
unrest) Gave government control SS established as an independent Churches: Bishop Galen
Working hours rose to 47 over all trade, tariffs, capital organisation, removed SA of Munster opposed the
Strength through Joy scheme = offered workers sports facilities, and currency exchange Dictatorship secured; able to get away with Nazi policy of euthanasia,
cultural visits + holidays (but only available to loyal workers) Government decides which murder of political opponents most continued religious
Women and family: believed women should look after the family + imports are allowed August 1934 Death of Hindenburg: Hitler practices. The policy of
home, expected to have large families to grow the population + make Plan only hid the balance of combined roles of President + Chancellor = euthanasia was
soldiers for the ‘1000-year Reich’ payment problem – got worse by FUHRER temporarily halted, and
Ideal Nazi woman: Blonde, athletic + fit with childbearing hips 1936. Wanted to reduce arms Civil servants had to swear oath of loyalty pastors such as Neimoller
June 1833 women offered interest-free loans to give up work and expenditure + increase selling Army had to swear oath of loyalty to + Bonhoeffer were
start a family industrial goods Fuhrer, not government arrested + sent to
Mother’s cross = bronze, silver or gold depending on the number Goring’s 4-year plan: aimed to Role of Hitler: Totalitarian government, often concentration camps
of children you had increase rearmament + autarky described as a King with a court Confessing church:
Lebensborn: program of SS members having ‘purebred’ children so that Germany was self- Government was haphazard set up by Neimoller;
1937 four-year plan wasn’t working; needed women back in the sufficient in food + industry. In practice, no individual could control all 7000 out of 17, 000
work force = by 1942 52% work force was female Increased agricultural areas of government pastors joined
Education: aimed to indoctrinate the youth + consolidate the Nazi production Relied on subordinates to put wishes into Youth: Swing Youth +
system Increased production of raw practice Edelweiss Pirates acted in
Focus on fitness, eugenics + German/Aryan history materials Hitler’s own lifestyle included lots of anti-Nazi behaviour
‘unreliable’ teachers were removed Control the labour force to sleeping + was away from Berlin; didn’t like (listened to jazz and wore
Girls taught how to be mothers + wives, boys taught military prevent inflation day to day admin American styles). Some
training Regulate imports + exports Police state + Terror: Judicial system became assassinated Gestapo
Education System failed to educate = fall in standards which caused in favour of rearmament (at harsher (those who didn’t study Nazi beliefs members, but activities
resentment + sent kids to grammar schools instead of Nazi schools. the expense of agriculture) were removed) were limited.
SOCIAL ECONOMIC POLITICAL RISE OF NAZIS
POST WW1: POST WW1: POST WW1: Munich Putsch 1923: Hitler seized the
Increased gaps in living standard ToV reparations + Article 231: Kaiser abdicated 9th Nov = temporary Bavarian governor + started march on
between rich and poor 6.6 billion marks, 13% land lost, parliament under Ebert (country near Berlin; was defeated by police + Hitler
600,000 widows, 2 million military limitations to 100,000 men revolution but wanted to avoid it) arrested (brought national publicity,
fatherless children Lack of industrial production Weimar Constitution est Nov claimed he was a political martyr, wrote
Stab in the back + November State spent 1/3 budget on war 1918 ‘Mein Kampf’)
criminals = army + public felt pensions Presidents elected by universal Golden Years 1924-29: limited support
betrayed by leaders who promised Occupation of Ruhr: Fell behind franchise, could declare state of due to prosperity in the country
victory. Felt humiliated + resented on reparation payments = France + emergency (article 48) + elect 12 seats in 1928 elections
the politicians who signed the Belgium occupied the Ruhr to chancellor Built support by Hitler Youth and
armistice. control coal production. Proportional representation = Students’ League (indoctrinated the
Hindenburg allowed the Workers went on strike but were many coalitions young as they were the future of the
military to remain to avoid still paid = printed more money Challenges from left: Spartacist regime)
opposition from the army and = hyperinflation revolt 1919 – Rosa Luxembourg + Karl Goebbels put in charge of
military-related elites Hyperinflation: destroyed savings, Liebknecht (leaders) put down + propaganda 1929
Golden years 1924-29: wages bread cost 500 million killed by Freikorps WSC + Great Depression:
rose, 8-hour day introduced, Stresemann: Dawes Plan (US Challenges from right: Kapp Putsch Government looked weaker + unable to
standards of living rose HOWEVER loans of 800 million + 1920 – Wolfgang Kapp – put down deal with crisis
farmworkers earnings remained rescheduled deadline to 1980s), when trade unions called a general Nazis offered bread + work; targeted
low, still wage disputes + strikes introduction of Rentenmark strike = paralysed public services unemployed/working class
over levels of taxation. WSC + Great Depression 1929: WSC + Great Depression: Many feared communism would arise
Creation of Bauhaus USA called in all loans (Germany Many young unemployed people Seats rose to 288 by November
movement = increase in the was relying on them) joined the SA 1932 elections
arts; music, art, theatre etc. Demand for German goods Depression weakened the Great Backstairs Intrigue:
collapsed Coalition 1. Von Papen removed from power
Production was cut back = Hindenburg brought in Bruning as + replaced with von Schleicher
unemployment Chancellor = threatened ruling by 2. Papen began to communicate
article 48 if he was not supported with Hitler while Schleicher is
by majority (continued to rule by unable to gain a majority = Hitler
decree – weakened democracy) looks stronger
Nazi party made gains in 3. Hindenburg loses confidence in
popularity Schleicher + instructs Papen to
talk to Hitler: both believed they
could control Hitler if he was
chancellor
4. Hindenburg withdrew support for
Schleicher Jan 1933, Hitler
demands the position of
Chancellor + von Papen agrees.
, 5. Hitler appointed Chancellor 30th
Jan 1933.
TOPIC 2: EST OF NAZI DICTATORSHIP
SOCIAL ECONOMIC POLITICAL OPPOSITION
Radio propaganda + censorship: Reich Radio Company mass Schacht’s (minister of Feb 1933 Reichstag Fire: Hitler claimed it Communists: cells in
produced cheap radios – by 1939, 70% of Germany had a radio economics) economic was a communist coup – decree for the large cities, produced
Press propaganda + censorship: Shut down socialist/communist strategy: Followed a policy of protection of people and the state = Hitler pamphlets attacking the
newspapers. Reich Press Chamber reviewed every article before public investments: deficit granted emergency powers; communism was Nazis. Minimal impact;
publication financing banned + trade unions were dissolved arrested after Reichstag
Arts propaganda + censorship: Jazz + Jewish artists was forbidden, Set low interest rates March 1933 Enabling Act: gave chancellor Fire
Theatres, plays and movies had to be approved (showed German Reschedule debts of local total power – full power was transferred to the Social Democrats:
power). Traditional art and music prohibited. authorities Chancellor + government; parliamentary Worked underground,
Literature propaganda + censorship: Reich Chamber of Literature Assistance of farmers + small legislation came to an end leadership was often
banned + burnt books from Jewish authors – had to approve books businesses Banned all other political parties apart from arrested; often produced
Position of workers: unemployment fell to 1.6million by 1936 due to Introduced public works e.g. the Nazi Party anti-Nazi propaganda
job schemes + conscription = rise in support autobahn GLEICHSCHALTUNG: coordination of the Trade Unions: weakened
Many workers lost rights – independent unions were banned + Government expenditure rose German state + the Nazi Party by arrests 1933-4, but
replaced by the German Labour Front (DAF) which was under 70% from 1933-36 Night of the Long Knives: assassination of carried out strikes in 1935-
Nazi control anyway. Schacht’s new plan Ernst Rohm, dissolution of the SA 6/45, however industrial
Lost rights to negotiate wage + conditions of work (met with (September 1934): Won support of the conservative right action proved ineffective
unrest) Gave government control SS established as an independent Churches: Bishop Galen
Working hours rose to 47 over all trade, tariffs, capital organisation, removed SA of Munster opposed the
Strength through Joy scheme = offered workers sports facilities, and currency exchange Dictatorship secured; able to get away with Nazi policy of euthanasia,
cultural visits + holidays (but only available to loyal workers) Government decides which murder of political opponents most continued religious
Women and family: believed women should look after the family + imports are allowed August 1934 Death of Hindenburg: Hitler practices. The policy of
home, expected to have large families to grow the population + make Plan only hid the balance of combined roles of President + Chancellor = euthanasia was
soldiers for the ‘1000-year Reich’ payment problem – got worse by FUHRER temporarily halted, and
Ideal Nazi woman: Blonde, athletic + fit with childbearing hips 1936. Wanted to reduce arms Civil servants had to swear oath of loyalty pastors such as Neimoller
June 1833 women offered interest-free loans to give up work and expenditure + increase selling Army had to swear oath of loyalty to + Bonhoeffer were
start a family industrial goods Fuhrer, not government arrested + sent to
Mother’s cross = bronze, silver or gold depending on the number Goring’s 4-year plan: aimed to Role of Hitler: Totalitarian government, often concentration camps
of children you had increase rearmament + autarky described as a King with a court Confessing church:
Lebensborn: program of SS members having ‘purebred’ children so that Germany was self- Government was haphazard set up by Neimoller;
1937 four-year plan wasn’t working; needed women back in the sufficient in food + industry. In practice, no individual could control all 7000 out of 17, 000
work force = by 1942 52% work force was female Increased agricultural areas of government pastors joined
Education: aimed to indoctrinate the youth + consolidate the Nazi production Relied on subordinates to put wishes into Youth: Swing Youth +
system Increased production of raw practice Edelweiss Pirates acted in
Focus on fitness, eugenics + German/Aryan history materials Hitler’s own lifestyle included lots of anti-Nazi behaviour
‘unreliable’ teachers were removed Control the labour force to sleeping + was away from Berlin; didn’t like (listened to jazz and wore
Girls taught how to be mothers + wives, boys taught military prevent inflation day to day admin American styles). Some
training Regulate imports + exports Police state + Terror: Judicial system became assassinated Gestapo
Education System failed to educate = fall in standards which caused in favour of rearmament (at harsher (those who didn’t study Nazi beliefs members, but activities
resentment + sent kids to grammar schools instead of Nazi schools. the expense of agriculture) were removed) were limited.
