INSY 3303 Exam 2 Review Questions With Actual Answers | Latest Update 2026 | Graded A+

INSY 3303 Exam 2 Review Questions With Actual Answers | Latest Update 2026 | Graded A+ Access Layer - answer-The layer that provides network access. Ex. Local Area Network (LAN) ACK (acknowledgement message) - answer-the part of the ARQ algorithm that lets the sender know that the package has been correctly received without errors. Address Resolution - answer-the process of translating the application layer address (or server name) of the destination into a network layer address, and in turn translate that into a data link layer address Server Name Resolution - answer-translation of application layer addresses into network layer addresses and is done using the Domain Name Service (DNS) (Ex. Website URL to IP address) ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) - answer-A core protocol in the TCP/IP suite that belongs in the Network layer of the OSI model. ARP obtains the MAC (physical) address of a host, or node, and then creates a local database that maps the MAC address to the host's IP (logical) address. ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) - answer-when a receiver that detects an error simply asks the sender to retransmit the message until it is received without error.Asychronous Transmission - answer-often referred to as start-stop transmission because the transmitting computer can transmit a character whenever it is convenient, and the receiving computer will accept that character. Baselining - answer-when designers must review the list of applications that will use the network and identify the location of each, and the information is added to the emerging network documentation. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) - answer-a dynamic distance vector exterior routing protocol used on the Internet to exchange routing information between autonomous systems—that is, large sections of the Internet. What are the disadvantages to using BGP? - answer-It is large, complex, and often hard to administer. Backbone Network (BN) - answer-A large network to which many networks within an organization are connected. It usually is a network that interconnects all networks on a single site. Bottleneck - answer-a circuit that is filled almost to its capacity and is the critical point that determines whether users get good or bad response times. Building-Block Network Design Process - answer-when networks that use a few standard components throughout the network are cheaper in the long run than networks that use a variety of different components on different parts of the network. What is the goal of the Building-Block Network Design Process? - answer-a simpler design process and a more easily managed network built with a smaller range of components.What are the three steps that are performed in Building-Block Network Design Process? - answer-1. Needs Analysis 2. Technology Design 3. Cost Assessment What is a needs analysis? - answer-the process of understanding the fundamental current and future network needs of the various users, departments, and applications. What is technology design? - answer-examining the available technologies and assessing which options will meet the users' needs. What is a cost assessment? - answer-when the relative costs of the technologies are considered. Circuit Loading - answer-the amount of data transmitted on a circuit Common Carrier - answer-private companies such as AT&T, Bell Canada, Sprint, and BellSouth that provide communication services to the public. Core Layer - answer-The third network architecture component and is also known as the campus backbone. This layer connects all the buildings on one campus. Data Center - answer-The fourth network architecture component and it contains the organization's servers. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - answer-A network service that provides automatic assignment of IP addresses and other TCP /IP configuration information.Distribution Layer - answer-The second network architecture also called the building backbone network. This layer distributes network traffic to and from LANs. DNS (Domain Name Service) - answer-a server name resolution system that translates an internet address (application layer address) into an IP address (network layer address). name server - answer-A series of computers throughout the internet that provides DNS services. These servers contain address databases and stores thousands of internet addresses and their corresponding IP addresses. eCommerce Edge - answer-This is the final network architecture component. It is a special LAN with a group of severs that enables electronic data exchange between the organization and the external entities with which it does business with. EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) - answer-a dynamic hybrid interior routing protocol developed by Cisco that records information about a route's transmission capacity, delay, reliability, and load. What makes EIGRP unique? - answer-Computers or routers store their own routing tables as well as the routing tables for all of their neighbors so they have a more accurate understanding of the network. Enterprise Edge - answer-Made up of the last three components of the network architecture. It is the parts of the network that are at the edge of an enterprise campus and connect that campus to the rest of the world. Error Control - answer-Network errors, such as those that occur during transmission, are controlled by the network hardware and software. What are the sources of errors? - answer-- Line Noise- White Noise - Impulse Noise - Cross talk - Echoes - Attenuation - Intermodulation Noise Error Detection - answer-sending extra data with each message. These error-detection data are added to each message by the data link layer of the sender on the basis of some mathematical calculations performed on the message What are the different error-detection methods? - answer--Parity checking -Checksum -Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) What is parity checking? - answer-An additional bit is added to each byte in the message that can detect if the hardware loses a bit during the internal movement of a byte. What is a checksum? - answer-when a byte is added to the end of the message and is calculated by adding the decimal value of each character in the message, dividing the sum by 255, and using the remainder as the checksum. What is Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)? - answer-A mathematical algorithm that is executed on a data string by both the sender and the receiver of the data string. If the calculated values match, the receiver can conclude that the data string was not corrupted during transmission.What are some error prevention techniques? - answer--Shielding (protecting wires with an insulated coating) -Moving cables away form sources of noise -Using amplifiers and repeaters to avoid attenuation. Frame - answer-a block of data being transmitted HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) - answer-An ISO developed synchronous data link layer protocol used in WANs with longer addresses and control fields. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) - answer-an error-reporting protocol that enables computers to report routing errors to message senders. Information bits - answer-bits used to convey the user's meaning. IOS - answer-Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software is an operating system used in about 90% of routers. LAN (Local Area Network) - answer-the first network architecture component also called the access layer because it provides access to the network. LLC (Logical Link Control) - answer-The first sublayer of the data link layer and is responsible for communicating with the network layer software and for taking the network layer Protocol Data Unit (PDU) and surrounding it with a data link layer PDU.MAC (Media Access Control) - answer-The second sublayer of the data link layer that controls the hardware. Multicasting - answer-addresses from 224-239 that belong to Class D sending messages to a group of computers rather than to one computer or every computer on a network. NAK - answer-a Negative Acknowledgement message that is sent when a packet contains an error Overhead bits - answer-Used for purposes such as error checking and marking the start and end of characters and packets. PDU (protocol data unit) - answer-(sometimes called a packet) a single unit of data that contains information that is needed to transmit the message through the network. Polling - answer-the process of sending a signal to a client computer that gives it permission to transmit Roll-call polling - answer-the controller works consecutively through a list of clients, first polling client 1, then client 2, and so on, until all are polled. Hub Polling (token passing) - answer-when one device starts the poll and passes it to the next computer on the multipoint circuit, which sends its message and passes the poll to the next. QoS (Quality of Service) - answer-This type of routing is a special type of connection-oriented messaging in which different connections are assigned different priorities.