BIO 210 Chapter 2 Study Guide Questions with Complete Solutions | Latest Update 2026 | Graded A+

BIO 210 Chapter 2 Study Guide Questions with Complete Solutions | Latest Update 2026 | Graded A+ Four elements that make up 96% of living matter - answer-Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen Number of electrons in nitrogen (atomic #7, mass #14) - answer-7 Meaning of the chemical symbol O=O - answer-Double bond Forming glycogen from glucose monomers - answer-Anabolism Organic molecule among choices - answer-CH4 Salts are always - answer-Ionic compounds Increase in hydrogen ion concentration causes pH to - answer-Decrease Organic molecules with a 1:2:1 ratio of C:H:O - answer-Carbohydrates DNA and RNA are - answer-Nucleic acids Reaction that breaks down biological molecules - answer-Catabolic hydrolysisMatter - answer-Anything that has mass and occupies space Energy - answer-Capacity to do work or put matter into motion Potential energy - answer-Stored (inactive) energy Kinetic energy - answer-Energy in motion (energy in action) Food molecules in the stomach - answer-Potential energy Passage of food to the stomach - answer-Kinetic energy Release of a stretched rubber band - answer-Kinetic energy A stretched rubber band - answer-Potential energy Water held behind a dam - answer-Potential energy Water flowing down a river - answer-Kinetic energy Chemical energy - answer-Energy stored in chemical bonds Electrical energy - answer-Energy from movement of charged particles Mechanical energy - answer-Energy directly involved in moving matterRadiant (electromagnetic) energy - answer-Energy that travels in waves (heat, light, ultraviolet, X-rays) Nerve impulse traveling to a muscle - answer-Electrical energy Kicking a ball - answer-Mechanical energy Breaking the bonds of ATP to energize a muscle cell - answer-Chemical energy Ultraviolet waves traveling from the sun - answer-Radiant energy Chemical element - answer-Substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods Four elements that make up most body matter - answer-Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen Sodium symbol - answer-Na Calcium symbol - answer-Ca Iron symbol - answer-Fe Oxygen symbol - answer-O Carbon symbol - answer-C Chlorine symbol - answer-ClNitrogen symbol - answer-N Hydrogen symbol - answer-H Potassium symbol - answer-K Atom - answer-Smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of the element Proton - answer-Positively charged particle (+1), 1 amu, located in nucleus Neutron - answer-Neutral particle (0 charge), 1 amu, located in nucleus Electron - answer-Negatively charged particle (-1), negligible mass, located outside nucleus Orbital - answer-Region around the nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found Atomic number - answer-Number of protons in an atom's nucleus Mass number - answer-Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus Difference between elements - answer-Different number of protons Atomic number 6 - answer-Atom has 6 protonsMass number 14 with atomic number 6 - answer-Atom has 8 neutrons Electrically neutral atom - answer-Same number of protons and electrons Isotopes - answer-Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons Subatomic particle that varies in isotopes - answer-Neutrons Most abundant hydrogen isotope - answer-Hydrogen-1 Radioisotope - answer-Isotope that decomposes to a more stable form over time Molecule - answer-Two or more atoms chemically bonded together Compound - answer-Molecule composed of two or more different elements Mixture - answer-Two or more substances physically combined, not chemically bonded Difference between mixture and compound (bonding) - answer-Mixtures do not involve chemical bonding Difference between mixture and compound (separation) - answer-Mixtures can be separated physically Solution - answer-Homogeneous mixture with evenly distributed solute particles Solvent - answer-Substance present in the greatest amountSolute - answer-Substance dissolved in a solvent Colloid - answer-Heterogeneous mixture with particles that scatter light but do not settle