BIO 210 Chapter 2 Test Questions With 100% Correct Answers | Updated 2026 | Graded A+

BIO 210 Chapter 2 Test Questions With 100% Correct Answers | Updated 2026 | Graded A+ What are atoms? - answer-smallest unit of matter What are elements? - answer-Any material that is made up of only one type of atom. Any substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler-one by a chemical reaction. Elements consist of atoms with the same number of protons in their nuclei, and 92 occur naturally on Earth. What are molecules? - answer-two or more atoms bonded together What are isotopes? - answer-Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons What is radio active decay? - answer-process of unstable isotopes decaying into other elements and give out radiation to try and become more stable What is the valence shell? - answer-outermost shell of an atom How does valence affect chemical bonding - answer-Chemical bonding takes place so that atoms can fill valence shells. A full shell is more stable What is a chemical bond? - answer-the force that holds two atoms together Covalent bonds - answer-sharing of electronsionic bonds - answer-transfer of electrons hydrophobic interactions - answer-Interactions between hydrophobic molecules grouping together to avoid water hydrogen bond - answer-A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule. Van der Walls - answer-interactions of electrons of non polar substances What is electronegativity and how does it affect shared electrons of a chemical bond. - answer-An atom's ability to attract electrons toward itself in a chemical bond if 2 atoms have similar electronegativity = electrons are shared equally If 1 atom is much more electronegative electrons are shared unequally What is polarity? - answer-unequal sharing of electrons what causes a bond to be polar - answer-difference in electronegativity How do hydrogen bonds form between water molecules? - answer-due to electrostatic attraction between the slightly positive hydrogen atom of one molecule and the slightly negative oxygen atom of an adjacent molecule Hydrophilic - answer-water loving Hydrophobic - answer-Water fearinghydrophobic interactions - answer-a weak chemical interaction caused when molecules that are not attracted to water interact to exclude water. Reactants - answer-A starting material in a chemical reaction Products - answer-Ending materials in a chemical reaction. redox reactions (oxidation-reduction reactions) - answer-OIL (Oxidation is loss of electrons) RIG (Reduction is Gained of electrons) Energy - answer-the ability to do work