Bio 210 Lecture Exam 2 Questions With 100% Correct Answers 2026 | Graded A+

Bio 210 Lecture Exam 2 Questions With 100% Correct Answers 2026 | Graded A+ Cell metabolism - answer-is the sum of all chemical reactions that a cell carries out to maintain life. Cell metabolism includes anabolic, catabolic, and oxidation-reduction reactions (introduced in Chapter 2) animal cells have - answer-1. plasma membrane 2. cytoplasm 3. nucleus plasma membrane - answer-surrounds each cell isolating its internal structures and processes from the external environmentwha function of plasma membrane - answer-- structural support - means of communication - cell identification intracellular space thatcontains the intracellular fluid (ICF), or cytosol, and separatesit from the extracellular space that contains extracellular fluid(ECF) - answer-plasma membrane Cytoplasm consists of what? - answer-- cytosol - organells - cytoskeletonCytosol - answer-the intracellular fluid, is mostly water with dissolved solutes, inclusions or storage molecules, and proteins, and is the site of many important chemical reactions phases of mitosis - answer-prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase prophase - answer-Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms metaphase - answer-Spindles line up Chromosomes in the middle of the cell anaphase - answer-Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell telophase - answer-After the chromosome seperates, the cell seals off, Final Phase of Mitosis. What is the tRNA molecule? What is found on this molecule? - answer-(transfer RNA) molecule is a small, single-stranded RNA molecule folded into a cloverleaf (2D) or Lshape (3D) - that acts as an adaptor, translating genetic code into proteins by delivering specific amino acids to the ribosome. osmosis - answer-the passive movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration (low solute concentration) to a region of lower water concentration (high solute concentration) isotonic solution - answer-cells remain stable with no net water onic solution - answer-water enters the cell, causing it to swell or burst (cytolysis) hypertonic solution - answer-water leaves the cell, causing it to shrivel (plasmolysis) What makes up the extracellular matrix or ECM? - answer-proteins and polysaccharides, including collagen, elastin, fibronectin, laminin, and proteoglycans Epithelial Tissue - answer-Tissue that covers outside of the body and lines organs and cavities. ex: skin's epidermis Connective Tissue - answer-A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts ex: cartilage Muscle Tissue - answer-A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move. ex: biceps (voluntary movement) Nervous Tissue - answer-A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body. ex: Ganglia connective tissue features - answerepithelial tissue features - answerNervous tissue features - answerMuscle tissue features - answerWhat are the components of the Eukaryotic cell - answer-- nucleus (DNA storage)- mitochondria (energy production) - Endoplasmic reticulum (protein production) - Golgi (protein processing) - ribosomes (protein synthesis) - cytoplasm (plasma membrane) What is the plasma membrane made of? - answer-- phospholipid bilayer - embedded proteins - cholesterol - carbohydrates simple diffusion - answersimple active transport - answersimple passive transport - answerwhat is transcription? - answer-It converts genetic information from DNA into a mobile RNA message, which is then used to synthesize proteins (within nucleus) what is translation? - answer-the fundamental process where the genetic code carried by messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded by ribosomes in the cytoplasm to synthesize a specific chain of amino acids, forming a protein (within cytoplasm; specifically on ribosomes)