NR 507 ALTERATIONS IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL
SYSTEM- EDAPT ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
(CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY)
NR 507 ALTERATIONS IN THE
GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM- EDAPT
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
, Gastrointestinal Reflux Disease
Introduction to Gastroesophageal
Reflux Disease
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a chronic condition that affects
persons of all ages and causes irritation of the lining of the esophagus.
If left untreated, many complications can occur.
This learning module focuses on disease processes associated with
gastroesophageal reflux disease and enables you to meet the
following course outcomes:
• CO 1: Analyze pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with
selected disease states across the lifespan.
• CO 2: Examine the way in which homeostatic, adaptive, and
compensatory physiological mechanisms can be supported and/or
altered through specific therapeutic interventions across the
lifespan.
• CO 3: Distinguish risk factors associated with selected disease
states across the lifespan.
Pathophysiology of
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
• CO 4: Integrate advanced pathophysiological concepts in the
diagnosis and treatment of health problems in selected populat
The nurse practitioner (NP) diagnoses a client with gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD). The NP explains to the client that the condition
is caused by which of the following?
Loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter
Increased production of bile in the stomach
Reverse peristalsis of the stomach
Excessive salivation and swallowing
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is commonly associated
with the loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
The LES is a muscular
,ring that separates the esophagus from the stomach, and its
relaxation or incompetence can lead to the backward flow of stomach
contents into the esophagus, causing the symptoms characteristic of
GERD, such as heartburn and regurgitation.
Reverse peristalsis, where the stomach contracts in the opposite
direction of normal peristalsis, is not a typical mechanism associated
with GERD.
Excessive salivation and swallowing do not typically cause GERD. In
fact, swallowing can help clear refluxed material from the esophagus.
GERD is more related to issues with the LES and the reflux of acidic
stomach contents into the esophagus than the increased production of
bile.
Factors Affecting Gastric Emptying
Complete the following sentences by choosing from the list of options.
When an individual consumes a very large meal, the nurse practitioner
(NP) knows the gastric emptying rate will be (increased, decreased, or
unchanged). When an individual receives a hypertonic gastric tube
feeding solution, the NP knows the gastric emptying rate will be
(increased, decreased, or unchanged).
Larger volumes of gastric contents generally increase gastric pressure,
stimulating peristalsis and promoting a faster rate of gastric
emptying. Hypertonic solutions, having a higher osmotic pressure than
the surrounding tissues, tend to delay gastric emptying.
Risk Factors for Gastroesophageal
Reflux Disease
The nurse practitioner (NP) evaluates a client with complaints of a
burning sensation in the chest that often occurs after meals and is
exacerbated when lying down. Which of the following findings
should the NP recognize as risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD)? Select all that apply.
Body mass index (BMI) of 32
Takes aspirin daily for coronary artery
disease Has a sliding hiatal hernia
Smokes 1 pack of cigarettes per day
Drinks three cups of chamomile tea
daily
Increased body mass index (BMI), especially in the overweight or
obese range, is a recognized risk factor for gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD).
, Increased abdominal pressure due to excess weight can contribute to
the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. Smoking is a
known risk factor for GERD. Smoking can weaken the lower
esophageal sphincter, which contributes to the development or
exacerbation of GERD symptoms. Hiatal hernias, especially sliding
hiatal hernias, are associated with GERD. The
SYSTEM- EDAPT ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
(CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY)
NR 507 ALTERATIONS IN THE
GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM- EDAPT
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
, Gastrointestinal Reflux Disease
Introduction to Gastroesophageal
Reflux Disease
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a chronic condition that affects
persons of all ages and causes irritation of the lining of the esophagus.
If left untreated, many complications can occur.
This learning module focuses on disease processes associated with
gastroesophageal reflux disease and enables you to meet the
following course outcomes:
• CO 1: Analyze pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with
selected disease states across the lifespan.
• CO 2: Examine the way in which homeostatic, adaptive, and
compensatory physiological mechanisms can be supported and/or
altered through specific therapeutic interventions across the
lifespan.
• CO 3: Distinguish risk factors associated with selected disease
states across the lifespan.
Pathophysiology of
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
• CO 4: Integrate advanced pathophysiological concepts in the
diagnosis and treatment of health problems in selected populat
The nurse practitioner (NP) diagnoses a client with gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD). The NP explains to the client that the condition
is caused by which of the following?
Loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter
Increased production of bile in the stomach
Reverse peristalsis of the stomach
Excessive salivation and swallowing
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is commonly associated
with the loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
The LES is a muscular
,ring that separates the esophagus from the stomach, and its
relaxation or incompetence can lead to the backward flow of stomach
contents into the esophagus, causing the symptoms characteristic of
GERD, such as heartburn and regurgitation.
Reverse peristalsis, where the stomach contracts in the opposite
direction of normal peristalsis, is not a typical mechanism associated
with GERD.
Excessive salivation and swallowing do not typically cause GERD. In
fact, swallowing can help clear refluxed material from the esophagus.
GERD is more related to issues with the LES and the reflux of acidic
stomach contents into the esophagus than the increased production of
bile.
Factors Affecting Gastric Emptying
Complete the following sentences by choosing from the list of options.
When an individual consumes a very large meal, the nurse practitioner
(NP) knows the gastric emptying rate will be (increased, decreased, or
unchanged). When an individual receives a hypertonic gastric tube
feeding solution, the NP knows the gastric emptying rate will be
(increased, decreased, or unchanged).
Larger volumes of gastric contents generally increase gastric pressure,
stimulating peristalsis and promoting a faster rate of gastric
emptying. Hypertonic solutions, having a higher osmotic pressure than
the surrounding tissues, tend to delay gastric emptying.
Risk Factors for Gastroesophageal
Reflux Disease
The nurse practitioner (NP) evaluates a client with complaints of a
burning sensation in the chest that often occurs after meals and is
exacerbated when lying down. Which of the following findings
should the NP recognize as risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD)? Select all that apply.
Body mass index (BMI) of 32
Takes aspirin daily for coronary artery
disease Has a sliding hiatal hernia
Smokes 1 pack of cigarettes per day
Drinks three cups of chamomile tea
daily
Increased body mass index (BMI), especially in the overweight or
obese range, is a recognized risk factor for gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD).
, Increased abdominal pressure due to excess weight can contribute to
the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. Smoking is a
known risk factor for GERD. Smoking can weaken the lower
esophageal sphincter, which contributes to the development or
exacerbation of GERD symptoms. Hiatal hernias, especially sliding
hiatal hernias, are associated with GERD. The
