NURP-532-Exam 1 With complete solu on | RATED A+ |
UPDATED | RATED A+ 2026
Select the op ons below that describe the pathophysiology of fever:
Cytokines release prostaglandin E
There is an altera on in the thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus
When a pathogen or a virus, bacteria, invade the body, an inflammatory process occurs. And
this is because of a release of prostaglandin. So that's going to raise the thermoregulatory set
point. And then we see heat being produced by shivering, vasoconstric on, pa ents covering
them up, and that will just raise the body temperature.
Which of the following statements is correct?
Temperature reduc on lasts longer with ibuprofen vs. acetaminophen
True or False
All neonates with fever should receive a full sepsis work up. TRUE
Signs and symptoms of sepsis in the neonate include progressive jaundice, poor feeding, and a
temperature less than 35.5 degrees C. TRUE
Early onset group B strep infec on in a baby occurs in the first 24 hours to 2 weeks, and late
onset occurs at 2 weeks up to 4 weeks of age. FALSE
All neonates with fever should receive empiric treatment with IV an bio cs. TRUE
E.coli is a common organism that causes early onset sepsis in the neonate. TRUE
Which of the following is appropriate to prescribe to reduce fever in a 4-month-old?
Acetaminophen 10-15 mg/kg orally every 4-6 hours
Fever
Pyrogens travel to the hypothalamus to signal for the body to retain more heat.
Temperature greater than 100.4 F.
,Only needs to be treated if the child is uncomfortable.
Pyrogens
Released by the immune system in response to a bacterial or viral infec on.
Signals the body to generate heat to make it an unfavorable habitat for infec on.
What is the most accurate method of checking for a fever?
Rectally for those under 3 years of age (especially under 12 months of age)
Fever without Focus/Source
Acute fever without a known source in children less than 24 months of age.
Infants or children who appear ill or "toxic" require a sepsis workup.
Sepsis Workup
- CBC with diff
- Serous glucose
- CSF tes ng
- Inflammatory markers
- Urinalysis and urine cultures
- Blood cultures
- CXR
- Stool culturesterm-10
Evalua on of Infants < 29 Days
Full workup and hospitaliza on
Evalua on of Infants 29-60 Days
- CBC with diff
- BC
- UA and UC
- PCT and CRP
- CXR
- Possibly an LP
Evalua on of Infants 61-90 Days
,- Infants who are well appearing and have no focal or viral infec on: UA and UC
- Infants who received an immuniza on within the past 24-hours and temperature is less than
38.6 C/101.5 F may be closely monitored and if fever lasts longer than 48 hours, workup is
required
- If RSV posi ve, no further workup is required
- If posi ve for the flu, UA and UC recommended
Urinalysis
- UA and UC required for all children less than 90 days with a fever
- UA and UC recommended for children 3-24 months of age that are at risk (temp > 102.2 F,
females < 12 months of age, uncircumsized males, and fever > 24 hours)
Management of FWS 29-90 Days
- Low Risk: close follow-up within 12-24 hours
- Moderate-to-High Risk: hospitaliza on, CSF studies, and empirical an bio cs
Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)
- Fever for greater than 2-3 weeks with no known origin aHer tes ng and work-up
Evalua on of FUO
- CBC with diff
- BMP with liver func on test
- Blood cultures
- Inflammatory markers
- UA/UC
- CXR
- ID consult
- Empirical an bio cs not recommended
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
- Drug of choice in reducing fever
- Dose 10-15mg/kg q4-6hrs to not exceed 5 doses in 24 hours
, Ibuprofen (Motrin)
- May be used in children > 6 months of age
- Dose: 5 mg/kg q6-8 hours for a temp < 102.5 F; 10 mg/kg q6-8hrs for a temp > 102.5 F
The mother of a 12-month-old calls the clinic because her son has had a fever of 101.5 for 2
days, and she just no ced a rash on his torso. Which of the following ques ons is most helpful
in determining if the rash may be due to a serious bacterial infec on?
Does the rash blanch under pressure?
All fevers above 101 degrees F in children should be treated with an pyre cs.
False
A 65-day-old male with no PMH presents for a fever of 101 degrees F for 8 hours. The infant
received his 2 month vaccines yesterday. He is well-appearing and he has no red flags on history
or exam. The nurse prac oner should
Order nothing and recheck the pa ent in 24 hours.
A 40-day-old female born at term presents with a fever of 100.9 F for 12 hours. She has no PMH,
takes no medica ons, she is feeding well, and has normal urine output and stool. Her ROS is
nega ve. The child is nontoxic appearing and has an otherwise normal exam. The FNP
understands that the infant will require:
UA, urine culture, and CBC/diff, PCT, CRP, and blood culture
Kawasaki Disease- Acute Stage
Lasts approximately 10 days with a high fever for more than 5 days
S&S: bilateral non-purulent conjunc vi s, fever that does not respond to an bio cs, toxic
looking, inconsolable, dry cracked mucous membranes, fissures, strawberry tongue, no oral
ulcers or pharyngeal exudate, maculopapular rash, unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy,
tachycardia, and murmurs
Kawasaki Disease Criteria
Fever greater than or equal to 5 days AND 4 of the 5 principal clinical features:
- Changes in lips or oral cavity
- Bilateral bulbar conjunc vi s, non purulent
- Polymorphous rash
UPDATED | RATED A+ 2026
Select the op ons below that describe the pathophysiology of fever:
Cytokines release prostaglandin E
There is an altera on in the thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus
When a pathogen or a virus, bacteria, invade the body, an inflammatory process occurs. And
this is because of a release of prostaglandin. So that's going to raise the thermoregulatory set
point. And then we see heat being produced by shivering, vasoconstric on, pa ents covering
them up, and that will just raise the body temperature.
Which of the following statements is correct?
Temperature reduc on lasts longer with ibuprofen vs. acetaminophen
True or False
All neonates with fever should receive a full sepsis work up. TRUE
Signs and symptoms of sepsis in the neonate include progressive jaundice, poor feeding, and a
temperature less than 35.5 degrees C. TRUE
Early onset group B strep infec on in a baby occurs in the first 24 hours to 2 weeks, and late
onset occurs at 2 weeks up to 4 weeks of age. FALSE
All neonates with fever should receive empiric treatment with IV an bio cs. TRUE
E.coli is a common organism that causes early onset sepsis in the neonate. TRUE
Which of the following is appropriate to prescribe to reduce fever in a 4-month-old?
Acetaminophen 10-15 mg/kg orally every 4-6 hours
Fever
Pyrogens travel to the hypothalamus to signal for the body to retain more heat.
Temperature greater than 100.4 F.
,Only needs to be treated if the child is uncomfortable.
Pyrogens
Released by the immune system in response to a bacterial or viral infec on.
Signals the body to generate heat to make it an unfavorable habitat for infec on.
What is the most accurate method of checking for a fever?
Rectally for those under 3 years of age (especially under 12 months of age)
Fever without Focus/Source
Acute fever without a known source in children less than 24 months of age.
Infants or children who appear ill or "toxic" require a sepsis workup.
Sepsis Workup
- CBC with diff
- Serous glucose
- CSF tes ng
- Inflammatory markers
- Urinalysis and urine cultures
- Blood cultures
- CXR
- Stool culturesterm-10
Evalua on of Infants < 29 Days
Full workup and hospitaliza on
Evalua on of Infants 29-60 Days
- CBC with diff
- BC
- UA and UC
- PCT and CRP
- CXR
- Possibly an LP
Evalua on of Infants 61-90 Days
,- Infants who are well appearing and have no focal or viral infec on: UA and UC
- Infants who received an immuniza on within the past 24-hours and temperature is less than
38.6 C/101.5 F may be closely monitored and if fever lasts longer than 48 hours, workup is
required
- If RSV posi ve, no further workup is required
- If posi ve for the flu, UA and UC recommended
Urinalysis
- UA and UC required for all children less than 90 days with a fever
- UA and UC recommended for children 3-24 months of age that are at risk (temp > 102.2 F,
females < 12 months of age, uncircumsized males, and fever > 24 hours)
Management of FWS 29-90 Days
- Low Risk: close follow-up within 12-24 hours
- Moderate-to-High Risk: hospitaliza on, CSF studies, and empirical an bio cs
Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)
- Fever for greater than 2-3 weeks with no known origin aHer tes ng and work-up
Evalua on of FUO
- CBC with diff
- BMP with liver func on test
- Blood cultures
- Inflammatory markers
- UA/UC
- CXR
- ID consult
- Empirical an bio cs not recommended
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
- Drug of choice in reducing fever
- Dose 10-15mg/kg q4-6hrs to not exceed 5 doses in 24 hours
, Ibuprofen (Motrin)
- May be used in children > 6 months of age
- Dose: 5 mg/kg q6-8 hours for a temp < 102.5 F; 10 mg/kg q6-8hrs for a temp > 102.5 F
The mother of a 12-month-old calls the clinic because her son has had a fever of 101.5 for 2
days, and she just no ced a rash on his torso. Which of the following ques ons is most helpful
in determining if the rash may be due to a serious bacterial infec on?
Does the rash blanch under pressure?
All fevers above 101 degrees F in children should be treated with an pyre cs.
False
A 65-day-old male with no PMH presents for a fever of 101 degrees F for 8 hours. The infant
received his 2 month vaccines yesterday. He is well-appearing and he has no red flags on history
or exam. The nurse prac oner should
Order nothing and recheck the pa ent in 24 hours.
A 40-day-old female born at term presents with a fever of 100.9 F for 12 hours. She has no PMH,
takes no medica ons, she is feeding well, and has normal urine output and stool. Her ROS is
nega ve. The child is nontoxic appearing and has an otherwise normal exam. The FNP
understands that the infant will require:
UA, urine culture, and CBC/diff, PCT, CRP, and blood culture
Kawasaki Disease- Acute Stage
Lasts approximately 10 days with a high fever for more than 5 days
S&S: bilateral non-purulent conjunc vi s, fever that does not respond to an bio cs, toxic
looking, inconsolable, dry cracked mucous membranes, fissures, strawberry tongue, no oral
ulcers or pharyngeal exudate, maculopapular rash, unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy,
tachycardia, and murmurs
Kawasaki Disease Criteria
Fever greater than or equal to 5 days AND 4 of the 5 principal clinical features:
- Changes in lips or oral cavity
- Bilateral bulbar conjunc vi s, non purulent
- Polymorphous rash
