NR 293: final pharm Exam
Questions and Answers
1. Antacids
containing magnesium salts commonly causes correct answer:
Diarrhea
2. Antacids
containing aluminum salts commonly causes correct answer:
Constipation
3. Antacids containing
calcium salts commonly causes correct answer:
Constipation + Kidney Stones
4. What are the adverse effects of adsorbents [antidiarrheal drugs]?
correct answer: increased bleeding time, constipation, dark stool, confusion, tinnitus,
metallic taste, blue gums
5. What are the adverse effects of anti-motility drugs? correct answer: urinary
retention, impotence [ED], headache, dizziness, anxiety, drowsiness, bradycardia,
hypotension, dry skin, flushing, and blurred vision
6. What are the adverse effects of opiates? correct answer: drowsiness, dizziness,
lethargy, nausea, vomiting, constipation, hypotension, urinary retention, flushing, respiratory
depression
7. What are the two most common toxicities associated with amino
glycoside administration? correct answer: nephrotoxicity [renal damage]
ototoxicity [attect hearing + balance function]
8. Major adverse effects are caused by anti fungal drugs when
administered in combination with ampothericin B. What actions
should the health care
professional initiate? correct answer: Administer pre medications [antipyretic or acetaminophen,
antihistamine, antiemetic, and corticosteroid] to minimize or prevent infusion related reactions
,fever, chills, hypotension, tachycardia, malaise, muscle and joint pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and
headache
**During IV infusions, monitor patient q15-30 minutes**
9. Which antibiotic is indicated to treat MRSA infection through IV
administra- tion? correct answer: Vancomycin [Vancocin]
**parenteral form used to treat bone, joint, and bacterial blood infections from staphylococcus spp.**
10. What are the most common adverse effects associated with
Vancomycin drug administration? correct answer: Red man syndrome- flushing and
itching of head, face, neck, and upper trunk area when drug is infused too quickly
hypotension from drug being infused too quickly
,additive neuromuscular blocking ettects in patients taking neuromuscular blockers
**alleviate adverse ettects by slowing rate of infusion of drug dose over 1 HOUR**
11. The health care provider MUST monitor serum drug levels to
ensure thera- peutic levels and prevent toxicity during vancomycin
drug administration. What are the inappropriate levels and associated
adverse effects? correct answer: < 5 mcg/mL --> reduced antibacterial ettect
> 50 mcg/mL --> ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
12. What is the drug mechanism of action of vancomycin? correct
answer: binds to bacterial cell wall --> immediate inhibition of cell wall synthesis -->
bacterial death
13. The oral drug form of vancomycin is indicated to treat which
infection? correct answer: C.
Diflcile and staphylococcal enterocolitis
poor absorption from GI tract
14. What is important before administering antibiotic drug
therapy? correct answer: It is ESSENTIAL to obtain cultures from appropriate sites BEFORE
beginning antibiotic therapy to identify the causative organism and potential antibiotic susceptible to
determine if empire therapy is ettective for destroying the bacteria
15. What is important when initiating treatment of Oseltamivir
[Tamiflu] or Zanamivir [Relenza] indicated for influenza infections? correct
answer: Treatment NEEDS to begin within TWO DAYS of symptom onset
16. What are the four stages of HIV infection according to the WHO
model? correct answer: 1.
**Asymptomatic infection**
ËF e w weeks or months after initial exposure
to virus ËAsymptomatic but show signs of
lymphadenopathy ËVirus is present in blood
at low levels
2. **Early, general symptoms of disease**
ËLymphadenopathy, fever, rash, sore throat, night sweats, malaise, diarrhea, idiopathic thrombocytopenia,
, oral candiasis, shingles
ËPt's own antibodies [HIV antibodies] appear in blood 3 wks. - 3 mo. Post exposure
3. **Moderate symptoms**
ËWeight loss, chronic diarrhea, fever, CD4 counts drop
Questions and Answers
1. Antacids
containing magnesium salts commonly causes correct answer:
Diarrhea
2. Antacids
containing aluminum salts commonly causes correct answer:
Constipation
3. Antacids containing
calcium salts commonly causes correct answer:
Constipation + Kidney Stones
4. What are the adverse effects of adsorbents [antidiarrheal drugs]?
correct answer: increased bleeding time, constipation, dark stool, confusion, tinnitus,
metallic taste, blue gums
5. What are the adverse effects of anti-motility drugs? correct answer: urinary
retention, impotence [ED], headache, dizziness, anxiety, drowsiness, bradycardia,
hypotension, dry skin, flushing, and blurred vision
6. What are the adverse effects of opiates? correct answer: drowsiness, dizziness,
lethargy, nausea, vomiting, constipation, hypotension, urinary retention, flushing, respiratory
depression
7. What are the two most common toxicities associated with amino
glycoside administration? correct answer: nephrotoxicity [renal damage]
ototoxicity [attect hearing + balance function]
8. Major adverse effects are caused by anti fungal drugs when
administered in combination with ampothericin B. What actions
should the health care
professional initiate? correct answer: Administer pre medications [antipyretic or acetaminophen,
antihistamine, antiemetic, and corticosteroid] to minimize or prevent infusion related reactions
,fever, chills, hypotension, tachycardia, malaise, muscle and joint pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and
headache
**During IV infusions, monitor patient q15-30 minutes**
9. Which antibiotic is indicated to treat MRSA infection through IV
administra- tion? correct answer: Vancomycin [Vancocin]
**parenteral form used to treat bone, joint, and bacterial blood infections from staphylococcus spp.**
10. What are the most common adverse effects associated with
Vancomycin drug administration? correct answer: Red man syndrome- flushing and
itching of head, face, neck, and upper trunk area when drug is infused too quickly
hypotension from drug being infused too quickly
,additive neuromuscular blocking ettects in patients taking neuromuscular blockers
**alleviate adverse ettects by slowing rate of infusion of drug dose over 1 HOUR**
11. The health care provider MUST monitor serum drug levels to
ensure thera- peutic levels and prevent toxicity during vancomycin
drug administration. What are the inappropriate levels and associated
adverse effects? correct answer: < 5 mcg/mL --> reduced antibacterial ettect
> 50 mcg/mL --> ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
12. What is the drug mechanism of action of vancomycin? correct
answer: binds to bacterial cell wall --> immediate inhibition of cell wall synthesis -->
bacterial death
13. The oral drug form of vancomycin is indicated to treat which
infection? correct answer: C.
Diflcile and staphylococcal enterocolitis
poor absorption from GI tract
14. What is important before administering antibiotic drug
therapy? correct answer: It is ESSENTIAL to obtain cultures from appropriate sites BEFORE
beginning antibiotic therapy to identify the causative organism and potential antibiotic susceptible to
determine if empire therapy is ettective for destroying the bacteria
15. What is important when initiating treatment of Oseltamivir
[Tamiflu] or Zanamivir [Relenza] indicated for influenza infections? correct
answer: Treatment NEEDS to begin within TWO DAYS of symptom onset
16. What are the four stages of HIV infection according to the WHO
model? correct answer: 1.
**Asymptomatic infection**
ËF e w weeks or months after initial exposure
to virus ËAsymptomatic but show signs of
lymphadenopathy ËVirus is present in blood
at low levels
2. **Early, general symptoms of disease**
ËLymphadenopathy, fever, rash, sore throat, night sweats, malaise, diarrhea, idiopathic thrombocytopenia,
, oral candiasis, shingles
ËPt's own antibodies [HIV antibodies] appear in blood 3 wks. - 3 mo. Post exposure
3. **Moderate symptoms**
ËWeight loss, chronic diarrhea, fever, CD4 counts drop
