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LCR4805 Assignment 1 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) Semester 1 2026

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Selected Private and Criminal Law Principles of the Internet - LCR4805 Assignment 1 Semester 1 2026; 100 % TRUSTED workings, Expert Solved, Explanations and Solutions. For assistance call or W.h.a.t.s.a.p.p us on ...(.+.2.5.4.7.7.9.5.4.0.1.3.2)........... Selected Private and Criminal Law Principles of the Internet ASSIGNMENT ONE UNIQUE NO. 241478 Please note the following: • This assignment consists of 2 questions. You have to answer both questions. • This assignment counts 30% towards your semester mark. Question 1 After a fire breaks out in a shopping mall in Pretoria East, South Africa, a popular blog hosted by NetHost Ltd (a South African Internet Service Provider) publishes an article alleging that Mr. Rodgers, a local businessman, paid someone to start the fire. The article goes viral and appears in Google search results. As a result of this article, Mr Rodgers suffers reputational damage and loses several clients. a) In order to institute a defamation claim, Mr Rodgers must prove that publication took place. Discuss what the term publication means in this instance and explain when it will take place. In your answer, refer to applicable law. (5) b) Will it make a difference to your answer in (a) above if the article was written in a secret language? Substantiate your answer. (3) c) Can NetHost(Ltd) be compelled to reveal the name and address of the user who has placed the defamatory messages on the internet? Substantiate your answer. (7) Discuss in detail by referring to court cases, legislation (if applicable), and academic commentators (if applicable). Also, refer to the position in other jurisdictions. Assessment criteria • This question will be evaluated primarily on the overall content of the answer, the substantiated conclusions and the referencing style used. You have to make use of footnotes to refer to your sources and supply a Bibliography. You will be penalised if you merely “copy and paste” information from the Internet. You have to communicate the information in your own words. Please do not refer to Wikipedia as a source – you will be penalised if you do. • Length restriction: Your answer to this question may not exceed 3 typed pages. • To find sources from the library’s databases, you can make use of the LibGuides link: Question 2 FitMa, a fitness app for mothers, collects information from its users, including their full names, ages, addresses, location data (for running routes), and health details such as weight, heart rate, blood pressure levels, and stress levels. FitMa shares this data with third-party advertisers. One day, a data breach occurs, and hackers access the database. Sensitive health and location information of its users is leaked online. Discuss whether there was processing of any information in this scenario, and if there was, how the processing of information in this instance poses a threat to users' right to privacy. (15) Discuss in detail by referring to court cases, legislation, and academic commentators (if applicable). Assessment criteria • This question will be evaluated primarily on the overall content of the answer, the substantiated conclusions and the referencing style used. You have to make use of footnotes to refer to your sources and supply a Bibliography. You will be penalised if you merely “copy and paste” information from the Internet. You have to communicate the information in your own words. Please do not refer to Wikipedia as a source – you will be penalised if you do. • Length restriction: Your answer to this question may not exceed 3 typed pages. More but related content can be acceptable. • To find sources from the library’s databases, you can make use of the LibGuides link: TOTAL: [30]

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LCR4805
ASSIGNMENT 1 SEMESTER 1 2026

UNIQUE NO. 241478
DUE DATE: 2026

, Selected Private and Criminal Law Principles of the Internet - LCR4805

Question 1
(a) Meaning of Publication in a Defamation Claim

In South African law, defamation is defined as the wrongful and intentional publication of
a defamatory statement concerning another person.¹ One of the essential elements that
Mr Rodgers must prove is publication.

Publication occurs when the defamatory statement is communicated to at least one
person other than the plaintiff.² It is not necessary that the author personally
communicate the statement; it is sufficient if the content is made available in a manner
that allows third parties to access it. In the context of the internet, publication takes
place when the material is uploaded and becomes accessible to users.³

In Le Roux v Dey, the Constitutional Court of South Africa confirmed that publication is
established once the statement is made known to someone other than the person
defamed.⁴ In online environments, courts have adopted the “multiple publication”
approach, meaning that each time the defamatory material is accessed or downloaded,
publication potentially occurs.⁵

Furthermore, in Isparta v Richter, the Western Cape High Court held that Facebook
postings constituted publication because they were accessible to third parties.⁶ By
analogy, once the blog article hosted by NetHost Ltd was posted online and indexed by
Google, publication occurred because members of the public accessed and read it.

Therefore, publication in this instance took place when the blog article became
accessible to at least one third party and was read, resulting in reputational harm to Mr
Rodgers.

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