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Farmacología de tiroides hiper e hipo

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Farmacos para el hipertiroidismo e hipotiroidismo

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APUNTES DE
FARMACOLOGÍA: TIROIDES
TIROIDES
FISIOLOGÍA Y BIOQUÍMICA DE LA TIROIDES

​ a glándula tiroides, con forma de mariposa y situada en la parte anterior
L
del cuello, tiene como función principal secretar Tiroxina (T4) y
Triyodotironina (T3).

●​ U​ nidad Funcional: El folículo tiroideo, compuesto por una capa de
células epiteliales (tirocitos) que rodean un material proteínico
llamado coloide, rico en tiroglobulina.
●​ ​Biosíntesis de Hormonas:
○​ ​Captación de Yoduro: El simportador de sodio/yoduro (NIS)
transporta I- al interior del tirocito contra gradiente.
○​ ​Organificación: El yoduro se oxida y se une a residuos de
tirosina en la tiroglobulina, formando monoyodotirosina (MIT) y
diyodotirosina (DIT).
○​ ​Acoplamiento: La unión de MIT + DIT forma T3, y DIT + DIT
forma T4.
●​ ​Regulación (Eje HHT): La hormona liberadora de tirotropina (TRH)
del hipotálamo estimula a la hipófisis anterior para liberar TSH. La
TSH estimula la síntesis y liberación de T3 y T4. Existe una
retroalimentación negativa: niveles altos de T3/T4 inhiben la
liberación de TRH y TSH.

El Ciclo del Yodo y Biosíntesis (Paso a paso)
​Para que la tiroides funcione, necesita Yodo (requerimiento diario: ~150 µg).

1.​ A​ trapamiento: El simportador NIS mete I- (yoduro) a la célula. Este
paso es inhibir competitivamente por aniones como el perclorato o
tiocianato.
2.​ ​Salida al coloide: El yoduro sale hacia la luz del folículo a través de
una proteína llamada Pendrina.

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