NURSING 2 _ Nursing 2 Final Exam| Rasmussen College, Bloomington - NURSING 2 Final Exam (A+ guide) Latest solution Fall 2020.

Nursing 2 Final Exam BPH: benign prostatic hypertrophy: enlargement of the prostate gland due to overgrowth of cells; compresses urethra; blocks urine Diverticulitis: the inflammation of one or more diverticula in the colon Crohn's disease: Ulcerative colitis: Hiatal hernia: Dehydration: hypovolemia Hypervolemia: Electrolytes: Hyponatremia: Hypernatremia: Hypokalemia: Hyperkalemia Hypocalcemia: Hypercalcemia: ABGs: [Arterial Blood Gases] Respiratory acidosis: Respiratory alkalosis: Metabolic acidosis: Metabolic alkalosis: Asthma: COPD: Pneumonia: Tuberculosis (TB CHF: • Left-sided CHF: • Right-sided CHF: • Low EF: • Rx for CHF: Ace inhibitors (-pril) • Diuretics: closely monitor for hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and dehydration. High cholesterol: Peripheral artery disease (PAD): Buerger's disease: Raynaud's: DVT-Deep Vein Thrombosis: Heparin: Assessment of Venous stasis ulcers: Sickle-cell: crescent shaped RBCs Sickle-cell meds: -Oxygen, -anti-sickling agents [urea, cyanate], -folic acid supps, -blood transfusions {[transfusions of large amounts of blood can cause circulatory overload] ;dyspnoea, orthopnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, increased blood pressure and pulmonary edema)} Sickle-cell Crisis: -Vaso-occlusive crisis, or painful crisis is caused by obstruction of blood flow by sickle cells, infarctions, and some degrees of vasospasm -seek treatment immediately due to occlusions Nutritional Anemias: -Iron deficiency: decrease in iron; most common type; need more iron fortified foods, -Folic acid: lack of folic acid which is needed for RBC synthesis; need to eat green/leafy veggies, liver, fruits, cereals, -Vit B12: seen in Crohn's; not always caused by dietary deficiency Assessment for Anemia: fatigue, weakness, pallor, tachycardia, SOB, hypoxia, hypotension, red/beefy tongue Risk factors for Anemia: poor nutrition, menorrhagia, alterations in erythropoiesis, trauma, immunosuppression, depression of bone marrow activity. Inflammation vs infection -Inflammation: redness, swelling, pain. You do not have to have infection to have inflammation, -Infection: heat, fever, increased purulent drainage, malodorous, inflammation Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane • Steroid tx RA:medications need to be taken every day - monitor for signs of infection as steroids lower immune system • Assessment for RA: diffuse pain,-low grade fever,-anorexia, -joint deformities,-morning joint stiffness, -diminished function after prolonged activity • Complications of RA: decrease in ability to perform ADLs, pain, weight loss, joint deformities What is AIDS? Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome- a fatal condition of the immune system caused by HIV, last stage of the HIV infection -CD4 count 200 Cryptococcal meningitis: most life threatening fungal infection in AIDS patient • Headache, changes in LOC, NV, stiff neck, blurred vision; opportunistic infection of HIV • Nursing interventions for Cryptococcal meningitis: infection control, hand-washing • Complications of Cryptococcal meningitis: if untreated, is fatal; can lead to brain damage or hydrocephalus What is HAART? `combination of retroviral drugs. Decreases viral load, at times, to undetectable levels Allergy testing: IgE is produced - IgG is tested for food allergies Pt education: Allergy testing discontinue allergy meds at least 5 days prior to testing, skin prick test is often done [positive if have wheal and flare] Safety: Allergy testing anaphylaxis can occur or asthma sx can be triggered Benadryl: Diphenhydramine -Antihistamine -Use: rhinitis, allergic response Side effects: drowsiness, urinary retention, dizziness, disturbed coordination, drying and thickening of oral and other respiratory secretions, and stomach distress Pruritis itching Pruritis Assessment dry skin, secondary symptom due conditions such as cancer or herpes zoster, skin breakdown Pruritis Tx lotion (especially right after bathing), antihistamines, topical steroids Pruritis Pt education -avoid perfumed soaps/lotions; typically have ETOH in them which dries skin,