Nursing 202 - Complete Study Guide
(Final Exam)
The History of Nursing Education - answer- 100 years ago, most American nurses
received on-the-job training (little-to-no clinical supervision).
- Around 1950, introduction of BSN program
- Nursing shortage led to introduction of ADN program as a short-term solution.
- Around 1980, introduction of PhD program, followed by formation of National Institute
of Nursing Research (NINR)
Changing Image of Nursing - answer Over time, nurses have had many images.
Ranging from the angel of mercy to the sexual stereotype sometimes portrayed in works
of fiction.
- In 2001, the Center for Nursing Advocacy was founded to address the nursing
shortage. After deciding to focus on improving the portrayal of nurses in the media, the
Center began a series of annual Golden Lamp awards for the best and worst depictions
of nurses.
Redefining our Image - answerProfessor L.D. Andrews of Rogers State University says
that to create a new image for nursing, nurses must:
value nursing and project that image daily
take themselves seriously and dress the part
recognize the value of what they do
believe in themselves and their colleagues.
Linda Burnes Bolton, DrPH, RN, FAAN - answerDemonstrated her ability to effect
change on a national level through her role as vice chair of Initiative on the Future of
Nursing
Past president of the American Academy of Nursing and the National Black Nurses
Association
The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health (2010) - answerThe 2010
report The Future of Nursing called, by 2020, for Increasing the number of BSN-
prepared nurses to 80% Doubling the number of nurses with doctoral degrees.
Nurses should practice to the full extent of their education and training.
Nurses should achieve higher levels of education and training through an improved
education system that promotes seamless academic progression.
Nurses should be full partners, with physicians and other healthcare professionals, in
redesigning healthcare in the United States.
Effective workforce planning and policymaking require better data collection and
information infrastructure
,The Future of Nursing 2020- 2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity -
answerCommittee vision: create a culture of health, reduce health disparities, and
improve the health and well-being.
Examine:
Lessons from Future of Nursing Campaign for Action Current state of science and
technology to meet the anticipated health and social demands until 2030.
Future challenges in the profession as a result of the pandemic.
Emotional Intelligence - answerThe ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use
emotions.
Empathy - answerThe ability to understand and share the feelings of another.
art; science - answerNursing is an ___ and a _______.
Nursing Today - answer•As a professional nurse you will learn to deliver care artfully
with compassion, caring, and respect for each patient's dignity and personhood.
•As a science, nursing practice is based on a body of knowledge that is continually
changing with new discoveries and innovations.
•When you integrate the art and science of nursing into your practice, the quality of care
you provide to your patients is at a level of excellence that benefits patients and their
families.
patient - answerThe _______ is the center of your practice.
What is nursing? - answerNursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of
health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the
diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals,
families, communities, and populations.
Nursing as a Profession - answer•The patient is the center of your practice. Your patient
includes individuals, families, and/or communities. Patients have a wide variety of health
care needs, knowledge, experiences, vulnerabilities, and expectations, but this is what
makes nursing both challenging and rewarding. Making a difference in your patients'
lives is fulfilling. Nursing offers personal and professional rewards every day. For
example, helping a young mother learn parenting skills, assisting family caregivers with
end-of-life care, offering shoulders to cry to the grieving family.
•Nursing is not simple a collection of specific skills, and you are not simply a person
trained to perform specific tasks. Nursing is a profession. No one factor absolutely
differentiates a job from a profession, but the difference is important in terms of how you
practice. To act professionally, you will use your critical thinking skills to administer
quality patient-centered care in a safe, prudent, and knowledgeable manner. You are
responsible and accountable to yourself, your patients, and your peers.
•A variety of career opportunities are available in nursing, including clinical practice,
education, research, management, administration, and even entrepreneurship. As a
,student it is important for you to understand the scope of professional nursing practice
and how nursing influences the lives of your patients, their families, and their
communities.
•Use critical thinking skills
•Administer quality patient-centered care
•Be responsible and accountable - answerTo act professionally you must:
you acquire and interpret scientific knowledge, integrate knowledge from clinical
experiences, and become a lifelong learner. - answerCritical thinking applied with
clinical judgement helps:
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action -
answer•This program is a multifaceted campaign to transform health care through
nursing, and it is a response to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) publication on The Future
of Nursing (IOM, 2010).
•Together these initiatives prepare a professional workforce to meet health promotion,
illness prevention, and complex care needs of the population in a changing health care
system.
Benner's Stages of Nursing Proficiency - answer- Novice: beginning nursing student or
any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of experience. For
instance, an experienced home health nurse chooses to practice in behavioral health.
The learner learns through a specific set of rules or procedures which are usually step
wise and linear.
- Advanced beginner: the nurse who has had some level of experience with the
situation. May have experience in the field for a year or so
- Competent: A who has been in the same clinical position for 2 to 3 years. The nurse
understands the organization and specific care required by the type of patients. For
example, surgical oncology or orthopedic patients
- Proficient: A nurse with more than 2 to 3 years of experience in the same clinical
position. Focuses on managing care as opposed to managing and performing skills. Is
able to assess an entire situation and can readily transfer knowledge gained from
multiple previous experiences to a situation.
- Expert: A nurse with diverse experience who is intuitive of the existing or potential
clinical problem. This nurse is able to zero in on the problem and focus on multiple
dimensions of the situation. This nurse is skilled at identifying both patients centered
problems and problems related to the healthcare system or perhaps the needs of a
Novice nurse.
Standard of Nursing Practice - answer- Assessment
- Diagnosis
- Outcome identification
- Planning
- Implementation
- Evaluation
, Nursing Code of Ethics - answerA statement of philosophical ideals of right and wrong
that define the principles you will use to provide care to your patients.
Standards of Professional Performance - answer- Ethics: The registered nurse
integrates ethics in all aspects of practice.
- Advocacy: The RN demonstrates advocacy in all roles and settings.
- Respectful and Equitable Practice: The RN practices with cultural humility and
inclusiveness
- Communication: The RN communicates effectively in all areas of professional practice.
- Collaboration: The RN collaborates with healthcare consumers and other key
stakeholders.
- Leadership: The RN leads within the professional practice setting and the profession.
- Education: The RN seeks knowledge and competence that reflects the current nursing
practice and promotes futuristic thinking.
- Scholarly Inquiry: The RN integrates scholarship, evidence, and research findings into
practice.
- Quality of Practice: The RN contributes to quality nursing practice.
- Professional Practice Evaluation: The RN evaluates one's own and others' nursing
practice
- Resource Stewardship: The RN utilizes appropriate resources to plan, provide, and
sustain evidence-based nursing that is safe, effective, and fiscally responsible and
avoids waste.
- Environmental Health: The RN practices in a manner that advances environmental
safety and health.
Autonomy - answerAn essential element of professional nursing that involves the
initiation of independent nursing interventions without medical orders (Personal
Professional Accountability).
Caregiver (Professional Responsibilities and Roles) - answer•As a caregiver, you help
patients maintain and regain health and find their maximum level of independent
function through the healing process. A patient's health care needs include the patient's
emotional, spiritual, and social well-being.
Patient Advocate (Professional Responsibilities and Roles) - answer•As a patient
advocate you protect your patient's human and legal rights and help patients assert
those rights when needed.
Educator (Professional Responsibilities and Roles) - answer•As an educator, your
teaching can be formal or informal. Always use teaching methods that match your
patient's capabilities and needs, and incorporate other resources, such as the family, in
teaching plans.
Communicator (Professional Responsibilities and Roles) - answer•Your effectiveness as
a communicator is central to the nurse—patient relationship. It allows you to know your
(Final Exam)
The History of Nursing Education - answer- 100 years ago, most American nurses
received on-the-job training (little-to-no clinical supervision).
- Around 1950, introduction of BSN program
- Nursing shortage led to introduction of ADN program as a short-term solution.
- Around 1980, introduction of PhD program, followed by formation of National Institute
of Nursing Research (NINR)
Changing Image of Nursing - answer Over time, nurses have had many images.
Ranging from the angel of mercy to the sexual stereotype sometimes portrayed in works
of fiction.
- In 2001, the Center for Nursing Advocacy was founded to address the nursing
shortage. After deciding to focus on improving the portrayal of nurses in the media, the
Center began a series of annual Golden Lamp awards for the best and worst depictions
of nurses.
Redefining our Image - answerProfessor L.D. Andrews of Rogers State University says
that to create a new image for nursing, nurses must:
value nursing and project that image daily
take themselves seriously and dress the part
recognize the value of what they do
believe in themselves and their colleagues.
Linda Burnes Bolton, DrPH, RN, FAAN - answerDemonstrated her ability to effect
change on a national level through her role as vice chair of Initiative on the Future of
Nursing
Past president of the American Academy of Nursing and the National Black Nurses
Association
The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health (2010) - answerThe 2010
report The Future of Nursing called, by 2020, for Increasing the number of BSN-
prepared nurses to 80% Doubling the number of nurses with doctoral degrees.
Nurses should practice to the full extent of their education and training.
Nurses should achieve higher levels of education and training through an improved
education system that promotes seamless academic progression.
Nurses should be full partners, with physicians and other healthcare professionals, in
redesigning healthcare in the United States.
Effective workforce planning and policymaking require better data collection and
information infrastructure
,The Future of Nursing 2020- 2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity -
answerCommittee vision: create a culture of health, reduce health disparities, and
improve the health and well-being.
Examine:
Lessons from Future of Nursing Campaign for Action Current state of science and
technology to meet the anticipated health and social demands until 2030.
Future challenges in the profession as a result of the pandemic.
Emotional Intelligence - answerThe ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use
emotions.
Empathy - answerThe ability to understand and share the feelings of another.
art; science - answerNursing is an ___ and a _______.
Nursing Today - answer•As a professional nurse you will learn to deliver care artfully
with compassion, caring, and respect for each patient's dignity and personhood.
•As a science, nursing practice is based on a body of knowledge that is continually
changing with new discoveries and innovations.
•When you integrate the art and science of nursing into your practice, the quality of care
you provide to your patients is at a level of excellence that benefits patients and their
families.
patient - answerThe _______ is the center of your practice.
What is nursing? - answerNursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of
health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the
diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals,
families, communities, and populations.
Nursing as a Profession - answer•The patient is the center of your practice. Your patient
includes individuals, families, and/or communities. Patients have a wide variety of health
care needs, knowledge, experiences, vulnerabilities, and expectations, but this is what
makes nursing both challenging and rewarding. Making a difference in your patients'
lives is fulfilling. Nursing offers personal and professional rewards every day. For
example, helping a young mother learn parenting skills, assisting family caregivers with
end-of-life care, offering shoulders to cry to the grieving family.
•Nursing is not simple a collection of specific skills, and you are not simply a person
trained to perform specific tasks. Nursing is a profession. No one factor absolutely
differentiates a job from a profession, but the difference is important in terms of how you
practice. To act professionally, you will use your critical thinking skills to administer
quality patient-centered care in a safe, prudent, and knowledgeable manner. You are
responsible and accountable to yourself, your patients, and your peers.
•A variety of career opportunities are available in nursing, including clinical practice,
education, research, management, administration, and even entrepreneurship. As a
,student it is important for you to understand the scope of professional nursing practice
and how nursing influences the lives of your patients, their families, and their
communities.
•Use critical thinking skills
•Administer quality patient-centered care
•Be responsible and accountable - answerTo act professionally you must:
you acquire and interpret scientific knowledge, integrate knowledge from clinical
experiences, and become a lifelong learner. - answerCritical thinking applied with
clinical judgement helps:
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action -
answer•This program is a multifaceted campaign to transform health care through
nursing, and it is a response to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) publication on The Future
of Nursing (IOM, 2010).
•Together these initiatives prepare a professional workforce to meet health promotion,
illness prevention, and complex care needs of the population in a changing health care
system.
Benner's Stages of Nursing Proficiency - answer- Novice: beginning nursing student or
any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of experience. For
instance, an experienced home health nurse chooses to practice in behavioral health.
The learner learns through a specific set of rules or procedures which are usually step
wise and linear.
- Advanced beginner: the nurse who has had some level of experience with the
situation. May have experience in the field for a year or so
- Competent: A who has been in the same clinical position for 2 to 3 years. The nurse
understands the organization and specific care required by the type of patients. For
example, surgical oncology or orthopedic patients
- Proficient: A nurse with more than 2 to 3 years of experience in the same clinical
position. Focuses on managing care as opposed to managing and performing skills. Is
able to assess an entire situation and can readily transfer knowledge gained from
multiple previous experiences to a situation.
- Expert: A nurse with diverse experience who is intuitive of the existing or potential
clinical problem. This nurse is able to zero in on the problem and focus on multiple
dimensions of the situation. This nurse is skilled at identifying both patients centered
problems and problems related to the healthcare system or perhaps the needs of a
Novice nurse.
Standard of Nursing Practice - answer- Assessment
- Diagnosis
- Outcome identification
- Planning
- Implementation
- Evaluation
, Nursing Code of Ethics - answerA statement of philosophical ideals of right and wrong
that define the principles you will use to provide care to your patients.
Standards of Professional Performance - answer- Ethics: The registered nurse
integrates ethics in all aspects of practice.
- Advocacy: The RN demonstrates advocacy in all roles and settings.
- Respectful and Equitable Practice: The RN practices with cultural humility and
inclusiveness
- Communication: The RN communicates effectively in all areas of professional practice.
- Collaboration: The RN collaborates with healthcare consumers and other key
stakeholders.
- Leadership: The RN leads within the professional practice setting and the profession.
- Education: The RN seeks knowledge and competence that reflects the current nursing
practice and promotes futuristic thinking.
- Scholarly Inquiry: The RN integrates scholarship, evidence, and research findings into
practice.
- Quality of Practice: The RN contributes to quality nursing practice.
- Professional Practice Evaluation: The RN evaluates one's own and others' nursing
practice
- Resource Stewardship: The RN utilizes appropriate resources to plan, provide, and
sustain evidence-based nursing that is safe, effective, and fiscally responsible and
avoids waste.
- Environmental Health: The RN practices in a manner that advances environmental
safety and health.
Autonomy - answerAn essential element of professional nursing that involves the
initiation of independent nursing interventions without medical orders (Personal
Professional Accountability).
Caregiver (Professional Responsibilities and Roles) - answer•As a caregiver, you help
patients maintain and regain health and find their maximum level of independent
function through the healing process. A patient's health care needs include the patient's
emotional, spiritual, and social well-being.
Patient Advocate (Professional Responsibilities and Roles) - answer•As a patient
advocate you protect your patient's human and legal rights and help patients assert
those rights when needed.
Educator (Professional Responsibilities and Roles) - answer•As an educator, your
teaching can be formal or informal. Always use teaching methods that match your
patient's capabilities and needs, and incorporate other resources, such as the family, in
teaching plans.
Communicator (Professional Responsibilities and Roles) - answer•Your effectiveness as
a communicator is central to the nurse—patient relationship. It allows you to know your
