IOP Exam 3 (2026/2027) – Practice Exam with Complete Questions and Answers

3/2/26, 11:12
AM




IOP EXAM 3 PRACTICE EXAM WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027.

1. Which ions are primarily regulated by the kidneys during the process of

urine formation?


Na+, Ca2+, K+

NH4+, PO4^3-, SO4^2+

Fe2+, Zn2+, Cu2+

Cl-, Mg2+, HCO3-


2. Describe the pathway urine takes after it is formed in the

nephrons. Urine flows from the nephrons into the renal

cortex.

Urine flows from the nephrons into the renal pelvis and then into the

ureter. Urine is directly excreted from the nephrons into the bladder.

Urine is filtered in the glomerulus before entering the ureter.


3. Where are cortical nephrons primarily located in the kidney?

Pelvis

Cortex

Renal capsule
Filtration of blood to form urine
Medulla
5. What is the formula used to calculate excretion in the

4. kidneys?
What is the E =F+R
primary - Sof peritubular capillaries in the nephron?
role
E=F+S-R
Production
E = F - R + S of hormones for kidney function
E=F-S+R
Reabsorption and secretion of substances between blood and tubule fluid

6. What structure is responsible for the initial filtration of blood in the
kidney?
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