Pharmacology Exam 1 – Elsevier Exam
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Which factor is a major pharmacokinetic process?
a. physiologic interactions of drugs
b. interactions among various drugs
c. adverse reactions to drugs
d. absorption of drugs - CORRECT ANSWER d. absorption of drugs
Pharmacokinetics involves the way the drug moves through the body, including absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion
Which statement represents a physiologic change that may alter pharmacodynamics in older
adults prescribed multiple medications?
a. the % of drug absorbed often is decreased in older adults
b. most older adults have decreased body fat and increased lean mass
c. renal function declines with age, leading to decreased drug excretion
d. hepatic metabolism tends to increase in older adults, resulting in decreased drug levels -
CORRECT ANSWER c. renal function declines with age, leading to decreased drug
excretion
Although absorption may be delayed in older adults, the % absorbed does not change. Most
older adults have increased body fat and decreased lean mass. Hepatic metabolism tends to
decline with age.
Which term refers to the study of how the administration of a drug influences cell
physiology?
,a. pharmacology
b. pharmacokinetics
c. pharmacodynamics
d. pharmacotherapeutics - CORRECT ANSWER c. pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics studies what drugs do to the body (how they influence cellular
physiology)
Which phase of pharmacokinetics is of the greatest concern for the nurse when assessing for
drug effects in older adults?
a. absorption
b. distribution
c. metabolism
d. excretion - CORRECT ANSWER d. excretion
Although pharmacokinetic changes in older adults affect all phases of pharmacokinetics, drug
accumulation secondary to reduce renal excretion is the most important cause of adverse drug
reactions in older adults
What is the correct order of the pharmacokinetic processes for parenteral drugs?
1. biotransformation
2. distribution
3. elimination
4. absorption - CORRECT ANSWER 4. absportion
2. distribution
1. biotransformation
3. elimination
,The first step in the process of pharmacokinetics is absorption. The drug moves from the GI
tract to body fluids by passive absorption, active absorption, or pinocytosis. The absorbed
drug is distributed by blood flow, the tissue's affinity for the drug, and the protein-binding
effect. The distributed drug undergoes metabolism or biotransformation in various organs of
the body, but the liver is the primary site of metabolism. The kidney filter free, unbound
drugs, water-soluble drugs, and drugs that are unchanged through the process of elimination
or excretion.
Which statement is true about new drug development? Select all that apply.
a. all adverse effects are known before a drug is approved for release
b. phase I of clinical testing occurs with patients to determine therapeutic effects
c. preclinical testing of drugs is always performed in healthy, nonpregnant adults
d. participants in drug trials are unaware of whether they receive the drug or a placebo
e. during preclinical testing, drugs are evaluated for toxicities, kinetic properties, and useful
effects - CORRECT ANSWER d. participants in drug trials are unaware of whether
they receive the drug or a placebo
e. during preclinical testing, drugs are evaluated for toxicities, kinetic properties, and useful
effects
During the testing process, randomized controlled trials are used, in which the participants
are unaware of which subjects are getting the drug, placebo, or control. Kinetics, toxicities,
and effectiveness are tested during the preclinical phase. Because drug testing occurs in
relatively small # of patients, those patients are carefully selected, the drug is taken for a
relatively short time, and not all adverse are detected during the drug testing process. Phase I
clinical testing is on healthy volunteers to evaluate pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and
biological effects. Patient use occurs in Phases II and III. Preclinical drug testing is not
performed in humans; it is done mostly in animals.
A new nurse is caring for a patient who has been taking morphine sulfate for pain for 2
weeks. Which statement by the nurse shows an understanding of pharmacodynamic
tolerance?
a. "The minimum effective concentration of morphine is lowered."
b. "The patient will require increased doses of morphine to achieve pain relief."
, c. "An increase in responsiveness to morphine results from repeated dosing over a short
period."
d. "This response to morphine is caused by psychologic factors and not by biochemical or
physiologic properties." - CORRECT ANSWER b. "The patient will require increased
doses of morphine to achieve pain relief."
Pharmacodynamic tolerance is the phenomenon of decreased responsiveness to a drug as a
result of repeated drug administration. Metabolic tolerance results from accelerated drug
metabolism and not repeated dosages; therefore the minimum effective concentration is not
affected. Tachyphylaxis is a reduction in drug responsiveness as a result of repeated dosing
over a short time. The placebo effect is a drug response caused by psychologic factors and not
by the drug's biochemical or physiologic properties
Which statement indicates that the nurse understands the meaning of pharmacokinetics?
a. "It explains the adverse reactions to drugs."
b. "It explains interactions among various drugs."
c. "It explains how drugs are absorbed and distributed."
d. "It involves the study of physiologic interactions of drugs." - CORRECT
ANSWER c. "It explains how drugs are absorbed and distributed."
Pharmacokinetics involves the study of how the drug moves through the body, including
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Pharmacokinetics does NOT explain
adverse reactions or interactions among drugs, nor does it involve the study of drug
interactions.
Which statement indicates that the nurse understands the meaning of pharmacokinetics?
a. "It explains the adverse reactions to drugs."
b. "It explains interactions among various drugs."
c. "It explains the movement of drugs throughout the body."
d. "It involves the study of physiologic interactions of drugs." - CORRECT
ANSWER c. "It explains the movement of drugs throughout the body."
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Which factor is a major pharmacokinetic process?
a. physiologic interactions of drugs
b. interactions among various drugs
c. adverse reactions to drugs
d. absorption of drugs - CORRECT ANSWER d. absorption of drugs
Pharmacokinetics involves the way the drug moves through the body, including absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion
Which statement represents a physiologic change that may alter pharmacodynamics in older
adults prescribed multiple medications?
a. the % of drug absorbed often is decreased in older adults
b. most older adults have decreased body fat and increased lean mass
c. renal function declines with age, leading to decreased drug excretion
d. hepatic metabolism tends to increase in older adults, resulting in decreased drug levels -
CORRECT ANSWER c. renal function declines with age, leading to decreased drug
excretion
Although absorption may be delayed in older adults, the % absorbed does not change. Most
older adults have increased body fat and decreased lean mass. Hepatic metabolism tends to
decline with age.
Which term refers to the study of how the administration of a drug influences cell
physiology?
,a. pharmacology
b. pharmacokinetics
c. pharmacodynamics
d. pharmacotherapeutics - CORRECT ANSWER c. pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics studies what drugs do to the body (how they influence cellular
physiology)
Which phase of pharmacokinetics is of the greatest concern for the nurse when assessing for
drug effects in older adults?
a. absorption
b. distribution
c. metabolism
d. excretion - CORRECT ANSWER d. excretion
Although pharmacokinetic changes in older adults affect all phases of pharmacokinetics, drug
accumulation secondary to reduce renal excretion is the most important cause of adverse drug
reactions in older adults
What is the correct order of the pharmacokinetic processes for parenteral drugs?
1. biotransformation
2. distribution
3. elimination
4. absorption - CORRECT ANSWER 4. absportion
2. distribution
1. biotransformation
3. elimination
,The first step in the process of pharmacokinetics is absorption. The drug moves from the GI
tract to body fluids by passive absorption, active absorption, or pinocytosis. The absorbed
drug is distributed by blood flow, the tissue's affinity for the drug, and the protein-binding
effect. The distributed drug undergoes metabolism or biotransformation in various organs of
the body, but the liver is the primary site of metabolism. The kidney filter free, unbound
drugs, water-soluble drugs, and drugs that are unchanged through the process of elimination
or excretion.
Which statement is true about new drug development? Select all that apply.
a. all adverse effects are known before a drug is approved for release
b. phase I of clinical testing occurs with patients to determine therapeutic effects
c. preclinical testing of drugs is always performed in healthy, nonpregnant adults
d. participants in drug trials are unaware of whether they receive the drug or a placebo
e. during preclinical testing, drugs are evaluated for toxicities, kinetic properties, and useful
effects - CORRECT ANSWER d. participants in drug trials are unaware of whether
they receive the drug or a placebo
e. during preclinical testing, drugs are evaluated for toxicities, kinetic properties, and useful
effects
During the testing process, randomized controlled trials are used, in which the participants
are unaware of which subjects are getting the drug, placebo, or control. Kinetics, toxicities,
and effectiveness are tested during the preclinical phase. Because drug testing occurs in
relatively small # of patients, those patients are carefully selected, the drug is taken for a
relatively short time, and not all adverse are detected during the drug testing process. Phase I
clinical testing is on healthy volunteers to evaluate pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and
biological effects. Patient use occurs in Phases II and III. Preclinical drug testing is not
performed in humans; it is done mostly in animals.
A new nurse is caring for a patient who has been taking morphine sulfate for pain for 2
weeks. Which statement by the nurse shows an understanding of pharmacodynamic
tolerance?
a. "The minimum effective concentration of morphine is lowered."
b. "The patient will require increased doses of morphine to achieve pain relief."
, c. "An increase in responsiveness to morphine results from repeated dosing over a short
period."
d. "This response to morphine is caused by psychologic factors and not by biochemical or
physiologic properties." - CORRECT ANSWER b. "The patient will require increased
doses of morphine to achieve pain relief."
Pharmacodynamic tolerance is the phenomenon of decreased responsiveness to a drug as a
result of repeated drug administration. Metabolic tolerance results from accelerated drug
metabolism and not repeated dosages; therefore the minimum effective concentration is not
affected. Tachyphylaxis is a reduction in drug responsiveness as a result of repeated dosing
over a short time. The placebo effect is a drug response caused by psychologic factors and not
by the drug's biochemical or physiologic properties
Which statement indicates that the nurse understands the meaning of pharmacokinetics?
a. "It explains the adverse reactions to drugs."
b. "It explains interactions among various drugs."
c. "It explains how drugs are absorbed and distributed."
d. "It involves the study of physiologic interactions of drugs." - CORRECT
ANSWER c. "It explains how drugs are absorbed and distributed."
Pharmacokinetics involves the study of how the drug moves through the body, including
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Pharmacokinetics does NOT explain
adverse reactions or interactions among drugs, nor does it involve the study of drug
interactions.
Which statement indicates that the nurse understands the meaning of pharmacokinetics?
a. "It explains the adverse reactions to drugs."
b. "It explains interactions among various drugs."
c. "It explains the movement of drugs throughout the body."
d. "It involves the study of physiologic interactions of drugs." - CORRECT
ANSWER c. "It explains the movement of drugs throughout the body."
