(VERSION A, TEST SCORE 84%) RESP 2240 - Thoracic
Imaging; PT safety, communication and record keeping;
Computer Applications; Death & Dying; Consideration of
Lab Data; Nutrition; Bedside assessment.
What is radiolucent? Appears black on X-Ray film (air)
What is radiopaque? Appears nearly white on X-Ray film (bone and metal)
What is over penetration "Not enough brightness" makes it difficult to see peripheral vessels.
(Overexposure) on a chest
radiograph?
What is under penetration (underexposed) Too much brightness.
on a chest radiograph?
PA (posterior to anterior) = light source in behind the PT and film in infront.
What are the positions for a patient
relative to the X-ray source and film? AP (anterior to posterior) = light is infront of the PT and film behind (50% bigger
image, used for pts unable to get up with a portable machine)
How do you verify if a PT is perfectly Spinous processes are in middle of trachea on a PA (posterior to anterior) film.
aligned (centered) on a chest x-ray?
How do you assess heart size on a PA film? Must not exceeded one half (50%) of the chest width.
How are structures visualized on a CT Cross-sectionally (in slices) 5-7 mm Thick.
scan?
Passing high frequency sound waves into the body and detecting the sound waves
How are images created using ultrasound?
that bounce (echo) from the tissues of the body.
What is the term used to describe the "Blunted"
rounding of the costophrenic angles, At least 175 to 200 mL of pleural fluid must be accumulated to see .
caused by effusion?
What is the best film to use to detect small Lateral decubitus view (a front view taken as a patient is laying on the side of
pleural effusions? suspected effusion)
, What is a pneumothorax? Collection of air within the plural space.
What is a hydrothorax (pleural effusion)? fluid in the pleural space.
What is a hydropneumothorax? fluid and air in pleural space
What is the best technique to use An expiratory film (patient breathes out all air)
when taking a chest radiograph of a Film will show little to no vascular markings in affected area .
patient with a small pneumothorax?
Air within the plural space that is under pressure or tension (tear in pleura, allowing
air to enter and not escape).
What is a tension pneumothorax?
Displaces mediastinum to side with less pressure and causes the diaphragm to
move up inferiorly on side effected.
What pathological condition do Pulmonary infiltrate that fill alveoli, such as pneumonia or airspace disease, alveolar
bronchograms suggest? disease)
What pathological condition is associated Pulmonary edema, specifically, the predominant of edema in the hilar region of both
with a batwing or angel wing lungs with progressively less edema in the more peripheral areas of lungs.
radiograph?
Atelectasis (volume loss) causes the diaphragm to become elevated on the side
What are the effects of atelectasis on the
atelectasis. The mediastinum shifts towards the atelectasis and poor expansion of
diaphragm, mediastinum and rib spaces?
chest causes narrowing of the spaces between the ribs.
What is the rule of thumb associated with Seeing 6 anterior or 10 posterior ribs above the diaphragm indicates good
rib counting and good inspiration? inspiratory effort.
What is the common purpose of chess To check the position/placement of catheters, lines or tubes after insertion.
radiographs?
What is the rule of thumb regarding the The distal tip of the endotracheal tube should be positioned about 3 - 7 cm above
proper position of an endotracheal tube on level of carina in an adult patient.
a chest radiograph?
Patient movement and ambulation
What are the key potential risks in patient Electrical hazards
safety associated with respiratory care? Fire hazards
General safety concerns
What is the proper techniques for moving Use bent legs w/ straight spine.
or lifting heavy object or patients?
Interruption or sustain myocardial contractions.
What are the potential effects of electrical
Heart is susceptible to any current above 100 mA.
shock to the heart?
120 mA presents a potential fatal shock (death)
What is Macro shock? Exists when a high current (greater than 1mA) is applied to skin.
What is Micro shock? Exists when a small current (less than 1 mA) bypasses the skin.
A flow of electricity from a point of high voltage to a point of low voltage. (Greatest
What is current?
danger is electrical shorts)
Difference between low and high Low resistance = max flow of current (copper wire)
resistance? High resistance = minimal or no flow of current (rubber)
1. Flammable material must be present
What conditions must exist to start a fire? 2. Oxygen must be present
3. The flammable material must be heated above its ignition temperature.
Imaging; PT safety, communication and record keeping;
Computer Applications; Death & Dying; Consideration of
Lab Data; Nutrition; Bedside assessment.
What is radiolucent? Appears black on X-Ray film (air)
What is radiopaque? Appears nearly white on X-Ray film (bone and metal)
What is over penetration "Not enough brightness" makes it difficult to see peripheral vessels.
(Overexposure) on a chest
radiograph?
What is under penetration (underexposed) Too much brightness.
on a chest radiograph?
PA (posterior to anterior) = light source in behind the PT and film in infront.
What are the positions for a patient
relative to the X-ray source and film? AP (anterior to posterior) = light is infront of the PT and film behind (50% bigger
image, used for pts unable to get up with a portable machine)
How do you verify if a PT is perfectly Spinous processes are in middle of trachea on a PA (posterior to anterior) film.
aligned (centered) on a chest x-ray?
How do you assess heart size on a PA film? Must not exceeded one half (50%) of the chest width.
How are structures visualized on a CT Cross-sectionally (in slices) 5-7 mm Thick.
scan?
Passing high frequency sound waves into the body and detecting the sound waves
How are images created using ultrasound?
that bounce (echo) from the tissues of the body.
What is the term used to describe the "Blunted"
rounding of the costophrenic angles, At least 175 to 200 mL of pleural fluid must be accumulated to see .
caused by effusion?
What is the best film to use to detect small Lateral decubitus view (a front view taken as a patient is laying on the side of
pleural effusions? suspected effusion)
, What is a pneumothorax? Collection of air within the plural space.
What is a hydrothorax (pleural effusion)? fluid in the pleural space.
What is a hydropneumothorax? fluid and air in pleural space
What is the best technique to use An expiratory film (patient breathes out all air)
when taking a chest radiograph of a Film will show little to no vascular markings in affected area .
patient with a small pneumothorax?
Air within the plural space that is under pressure or tension (tear in pleura, allowing
air to enter and not escape).
What is a tension pneumothorax?
Displaces mediastinum to side with less pressure and causes the diaphragm to
move up inferiorly on side effected.
What pathological condition do Pulmonary infiltrate that fill alveoli, such as pneumonia or airspace disease, alveolar
bronchograms suggest? disease)
What pathological condition is associated Pulmonary edema, specifically, the predominant of edema in the hilar region of both
with a batwing or angel wing lungs with progressively less edema in the more peripheral areas of lungs.
radiograph?
Atelectasis (volume loss) causes the diaphragm to become elevated on the side
What are the effects of atelectasis on the
atelectasis. The mediastinum shifts towards the atelectasis and poor expansion of
diaphragm, mediastinum and rib spaces?
chest causes narrowing of the spaces between the ribs.
What is the rule of thumb associated with Seeing 6 anterior or 10 posterior ribs above the diaphragm indicates good
rib counting and good inspiration? inspiratory effort.
What is the common purpose of chess To check the position/placement of catheters, lines or tubes after insertion.
radiographs?
What is the rule of thumb regarding the The distal tip of the endotracheal tube should be positioned about 3 - 7 cm above
proper position of an endotracheal tube on level of carina in an adult patient.
a chest radiograph?
Patient movement and ambulation
What are the key potential risks in patient Electrical hazards
safety associated with respiratory care? Fire hazards
General safety concerns
What is the proper techniques for moving Use bent legs w/ straight spine.
or lifting heavy object or patients?
Interruption or sustain myocardial contractions.
What are the potential effects of electrical
Heart is susceptible to any current above 100 mA.
shock to the heart?
120 mA presents a potential fatal shock (death)
What is Macro shock? Exists when a high current (greater than 1mA) is applied to skin.
What is Micro shock? Exists when a small current (less than 1 mA) bypasses the skin.
A flow of electricity from a point of high voltage to a point of low voltage. (Greatest
What is current?
danger is electrical shorts)
Difference between low and high Low resistance = max flow of current (copper wire)
resistance? High resistance = minimal or no flow of current (rubber)
1. Flammable material must be present
What conditions must exist to start a fire? 2. Oxygen must be present
3. The flammable material must be heated above its ignition temperature.
