(VERSION A, TEST SCORE 98%) RESP 3290 ELOs/extras
classified based on the clinical setting in which it occurs, guides empiric
Define how to classify pneumonia:
antimicrobial therapy
*CAP (Community-Acquired Pneumonia) - Acute: sudden onset over a few hours to several days
Classifications: - Chronic: more insidious, escalating symptoms over days, weeks, or months
Describe Clinical manifestation of CAP clinicians use historical clues and physical findings to determine likely cause of CAP
(community acquired pneumonia)?
Pleuritic chest pain
high fever
purulent sputum production
cough
*patients with bacterial CAP commonly
dyspnea
have
hoarseness
sore
throat
headache
diarrhea
Infection you get while in hospital or clinic setting
Define Nosocomial Infection
(HCAP, HAP, VAP)
- Acute LRTI that occurs in hospitalized patients more than 48 hours after admission
*Define HAP (hospital acquired pneumonia)
- excludes community acquired infections that are incubating at the time of admission
*Define HCAP (healthcare associated pneumonia occurring in any in any patient hospitalized for 2 or more days in past
pneumonia) 90days
*Define VAP (ventilator associated lower respiratory infection that develops more than 48-72 hours after endotracheal
pneumonia) intubation
NEW onset fever
*Describe the clinical manifestation for
nonintubated: recent history of vomiting and aspiration
HCAP, HAP & VAP
Intubated: purulent secretions and new pulmonary infiltrate
*How are HCAP, HAP & VAP transmitted? Healthcare workers (improper handwashing), equipment and fomites.
, place head of bed at 30 degrees
*Describe how to prevent VAP Draining condensation away from PT
frequent suctioning
*Describe how you would Immunizations
prevent transmission of pathogens handwashing/new gloves
between patients infection control surveillance
new infiltrates
*Describe How pneumonia is represented
(Normal chest x-ray does not exclude pneumonia, could be early pneumonia or the
on a Chest xray
patient can be dehydrated)
*Describe how proper antibiotic treatment 1 month for proper antibiotic therapy for 90% of individuals younger than 50 years
of CXR should resolve, and in what of age but may persist in older population 70% if there is an underlying illness
time frame
*Describe How soon should antibiotics be within 4 hours of hospital admission
initiated to improve survival
- missed pathogen
*Describe how a patient may still have a
- metastatic or closed space infection
persistent fever
- drug fever
*Describe what is needed to be done to Rinse mouth before
receive a good sputum sample
inflammatory disorder characterized by NOT being fully reversible, typically
*1. Define COPD
progressive, and airflow obstruction
C - Cystic fibrosis
B - Bronchectasis
What are the only obstructive diseases
A - Asthema
(COPD diseases)?
B - Bronchitis
E - Emphysema
*2. Identify the only two major disease Emphysema (loose sock, without fibrosis) and Chronic Bronchitis (Most common,
entities that compose COPD? Chronic productive cough)
*3. Describe the effects of emphysema in abnormal, permanent enlargement of the airspaces beyond the terminal
the lungs? bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of the alveolar walls w/o fibrosis
chronic productive cough is present at least 3 months out of the year for 2
*4. Describe the criteria for
consecutive years
chronic bronchitis?
MOST COMMON form of COPD
*5. What are the two most common Cigarette smoking and Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency
causes of COPD?
6. Describe what Alpha 1 antitrypsin - Genetic deficiency in AAT that results in early onset emphysema (AAT - blocks
deficiency (AAT) is? neutrophil elastase from digesting lung elastin)
7. Describe elastin and elastase and Elastin = allows the lungs to function as an elastic bag(normal function)
their function? Elastase = destroys/ digests lung elastin
9. Describe intravenous augmentation treatment with IV augmentation therapy (replacement therapy) that may prevent
therapy? neutrophil elastase damage to lung tissue
Passive smoking(second hand)
10. List other COPD risk factors besides air pollution
smoking or AAT deficiency? occupational exposure
AW hyperresponsiveness
- inflammation/obstruction of small airways(<2mm)
11. List the mechanisms of airflow limitation
- loss of elasticity (destruction of alveolar walls)
in COPD?
- Active bronchospasm (some element of reversibility in 2/3rds of COPD patients)
classified based on the clinical setting in which it occurs, guides empiric
Define how to classify pneumonia:
antimicrobial therapy
*CAP (Community-Acquired Pneumonia) - Acute: sudden onset over a few hours to several days
Classifications: - Chronic: more insidious, escalating symptoms over days, weeks, or months
Describe Clinical manifestation of CAP clinicians use historical clues and physical findings to determine likely cause of CAP
(community acquired pneumonia)?
Pleuritic chest pain
high fever
purulent sputum production
cough
*patients with bacterial CAP commonly
dyspnea
have
hoarseness
sore
throat
headache
diarrhea
Infection you get while in hospital or clinic setting
Define Nosocomial Infection
(HCAP, HAP, VAP)
- Acute LRTI that occurs in hospitalized patients more than 48 hours after admission
*Define HAP (hospital acquired pneumonia)
- excludes community acquired infections that are incubating at the time of admission
*Define HCAP (healthcare associated pneumonia occurring in any in any patient hospitalized for 2 or more days in past
pneumonia) 90days
*Define VAP (ventilator associated lower respiratory infection that develops more than 48-72 hours after endotracheal
pneumonia) intubation
NEW onset fever
*Describe the clinical manifestation for
nonintubated: recent history of vomiting and aspiration
HCAP, HAP & VAP
Intubated: purulent secretions and new pulmonary infiltrate
*How are HCAP, HAP & VAP transmitted? Healthcare workers (improper handwashing), equipment and fomites.
, place head of bed at 30 degrees
*Describe how to prevent VAP Draining condensation away from PT
frequent suctioning
*Describe how you would Immunizations
prevent transmission of pathogens handwashing/new gloves
between patients infection control surveillance
new infiltrates
*Describe How pneumonia is represented
(Normal chest x-ray does not exclude pneumonia, could be early pneumonia or the
on a Chest xray
patient can be dehydrated)
*Describe how proper antibiotic treatment 1 month for proper antibiotic therapy for 90% of individuals younger than 50 years
of CXR should resolve, and in what of age but may persist in older population 70% if there is an underlying illness
time frame
*Describe How soon should antibiotics be within 4 hours of hospital admission
initiated to improve survival
- missed pathogen
*Describe how a patient may still have a
- metastatic or closed space infection
persistent fever
- drug fever
*Describe what is needed to be done to Rinse mouth before
receive a good sputum sample
inflammatory disorder characterized by NOT being fully reversible, typically
*1. Define COPD
progressive, and airflow obstruction
C - Cystic fibrosis
B - Bronchectasis
What are the only obstructive diseases
A - Asthema
(COPD diseases)?
B - Bronchitis
E - Emphysema
*2. Identify the only two major disease Emphysema (loose sock, without fibrosis) and Chronic Bronchitis (Most common,
entities that compose COPD? Chronic productive cough)
*3. Describe the effects of emphysema in abnormal, permanent enlargement of the airspaces beyond the terminal
the lungs? bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of the alveolar walls w/o fibrosis
chronic productive cough is present at least 3 months out of the year for 2
*4. Describe the criteria for
consecutive years
chronic bronchitis?
MOST COMMON form of COPD
*5. What are the two most common Cigarette smoking and Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency
causes of COPD?
6. Describe what Alpha 1 antitrypsin - Genetic deficiency in AAT that results in early onset emphysema (AAT - blocks
deficiency (AAT) is? neutrophil elastase from digesting lung elastin)
7. Describe elastin and elastase and Elastin = allows the lungs to function as an elastic bag(normal function)
their function? Elastase = destroys/ digests lung elastin
9. Describe intravenous augmentation treatment with IV augmentation therapy (replacement therapy) that may prevent
therapy? neutrophil elastase damage to lung tissue
Passive smoking(second hand)
10. List other COPD risk factors besides air pollution
smoking or AAT deficiency? occupational exposure
AW hyperresponsiveness
- inflammation/obstruction of small airways(<2mm)
11. List the mechanisms of airflow limitation
- loss of elasticity (destruction of alveolar walls)
in COPD?
- Active bronchospasm (some element of reversibility in 2/3rds of COPD patients)
