NURS 623 Exam 2 Study Questions
with Verified Answers Already
Graded A+
1. what is hyperthyroidism? - ANSWER excess secretion of one or both:
thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
2. Long term effects of hyperthyroidism - ANSWER Heart disease, post-
menopausal osteoporosis, mental disease, infertility
3. symptoms of hyperthyroidism - ANSWER intolerance to heat, fine/straight
hair, bulging eyes, facial flushing, enlarged thyroid, tachycardia, increased
systolic BP, breast enlargement, weight loss, muscle wasting, finger
clubbing, tremors, diarrhea, amenorrhea, localized edema
4. initial tests to get for hyperthyroidism - ANSWER TSH (low)
FT4 (high) - if normal, do FT3
CBC, LFT
5. what types of medications can alter TSH values? - ANSWER anabolic
steroids, androgens, estrogens, phenytoin, salicylates, heparin, iodine
containing compounds
,6. Consequences of obesity in adolescence - ANSWER metabolic syndrome
(HTN, CAD, DMT2, Stroke), cancers (endometrial, breast, prostate, colon),
sleep apnea, reflux, OA, gout, early death
7. Management of obesity - ANSWER dietary, physical activity, behavior
modification, pharmacological management (GLP1), surgical intervention
*if they don't modify behavior, they will gain weight back as soon as they stop
meds
8. What is gout? - ANSWER Inflammatory arthritis
Results from hyperuricemia
Recurrent painful attacks of MONO articular joint inflammation due to
phagocytosis of urate crystals in soft tissue, joints and cartilate
9. Gout physical findings - ANSWER sudden, painful, red, swollen joint
(often the big toe).
10.Gout lab findings - ANSWER High uric acid
11.what causes high uric acid levels? - ANSWER 1. decreased excretion
(kidneys don't get rid of it - CKD, diuretics, dehydration, etc)
2. increased production (body is making too much from purine breakdown)
12.food/drinks high in purine - ANSWER red meat, organ meat, seafood,
alcohol (beer)
,13.risk factors for gout - ANSWER diet high in purine
medical conditions (HTN, insulin resistance, heart failure, poor kidney
function)
family history (genetic predisposition)
14.Diagnosis for gout - ANSWER Clinical presentation/history
Serum uric acid level (often above 7.5)
ESR & WBC elevated (typically 10,000 but can be 100,000)
BUN usually normal
X-ray may show nothing early on or may only show soft tissue changes
Advanced gout will show tophi, normal mineralization of bone, joint space
preservation, asymmetric polyarticular distribution overhanging edge cortex,
and punched-out erosions of bone
15.Definitive diagnostic for gout - ANSWER joint fluid aspirate positive for
sodium urate crystals
Joint fluid aspiration will show urate crystals and synovial fluid will be opaque
during acute attack
16.stages of gout - ANSWER acute gout attack (flare-up)
inter-critical gout (between attack)
chronic gout (advanced stage)
17.subsequent diagnostics for hyperthyroid - ANSWER TSH receptor antibody
nuclear med scan
24-hour RAIU *hot and cold spots*
, ultrasound (cyst/nodule)
biopsy (cancer)
18.When do hypothyroid patients need to follow up? - ANSWER Need to get
TSH drawn every 4-6 weeks after therapy initiated
Then 2x/year then annually to check TSH and FT4
Watch for overtreatment- too much can cause hyperthyroid- risk for
osteoporosis, etc.
19.Hypothyroid patient education - ANSWER disease process, medication
(make sure they understand dosing, drugs that interfere, prescribe same
brand)
nutrition, prevention of constipation
20.What is type 1 DM and what is the most common type? - ANSWER
Autoimmune disease where beta cells are attacked and destroyed causing
hyperglycemia which leads to absolute insulin deficiency
Most common type: immune-mediated
21.Common patients that get diagnosed with type 1 DM - ANSWER
children/young adults
under age 35
BMI <25 (rarely obese)
history of type 1 in family
history of autoimmune disorders
with Verified Answers Already
Graded A+
1. what is hyperthyroidism? - ANSWER excess secretion of one or both:
thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
2. Long term effects of hyperthyroidism - ANSWER Heart disease, post-
menopausal osteoporosis, mental disease, infertility
3. symptoms of hyperthyroidism - ANSWER intolerance to heat, fine/straight
hair, bulging eyes, facial flushing, enlarged thyroid, tachycardia, increased
systolic BP, breast enlargement, weight loss, muscle wasting, finger
clubbing, tremors, diarrhea, amenorrhea, localized edema
4. initial tests to get for hyperthyroidism - ANSWER TSH (low)
FT4 (high) - if normal, do FT3
CBC, LFT
5. what types of medications can alter TSH values? - ANSWER anabolic
steroids, androgens, estrogens, phenytoin, salicylates, heparin, iodine
containing compounds
,6. Consequences of obesity in adolescence - ANSWER metabolic syndrome
(HTN, CAD, DMT2, Stroke), cancers (endometrial, breast, prostate, colon),
sleep apnea, reflux, OA, gout, early death
7. Management of obesity - ANSWER dietary, physical activity, behavior
modification, pharmacological management (GLP1), surgical intervention
*if they don't modify behavior, they will gain weight back as soon as they stop
meds
8. What is gout? - ANSWER Inflammatory arthritis
Results from hyperuricemia
Recurrent painful attacks of MONO articular joint inflammation due to
phagocytosis of urate crystals in soft tissue, joints and cartilate
9. Gout physical findings - ANSWER sudden, painful, red, swollen joint
(often the big toe).
10.Gout lab findings - ANSWER High uric acid
11.what causes high uric acid levels? - ANSWER 1. decreased excretion
(kidneys don't get rid of it - CKD, diuretics, dehydration, etc)
2. increased production (body is making too much from purine breakdown)
12.food/drinks high in purine - ANSWER red meat, organ meat, seafood,
alcohol (beer)
,13.risk factors for gout - ANSWER diet high in purine
medical conditions (HTN, insulin resistance, heart failure, poor kidney
function)
family history (genetic predisposition)
14.Diagnosis for gout - ANSWER Clinical presentation/history
Serum uric acid level (often above 7.5)
ESR & WBC elevated (typically 10,000 but can be 100,000)
BUN usually normal
X-ray may show nothing early on or may only show soft tissue changes
Advanced gout will show tophi, normal mineralization of bone, joint space
preservation, asymmetric polyarticular distribution overhanging edge cortex,
and punched-out erosions of bone
15.Definitive diagnostic for gout - ANSWER joint fluid aspirate positive for
sodium urate crystals
Joint fluid aspiration will show urate crystals and synovial fluid will be opaque
during acute attack
16.stages of gout - ANSWER acute gout attack (flare-up)
inter-critical gout (between attack)
chronic gout (advanced stage)
17.subsequent diagnostics for hyperthyroid - ANSWER TSH receptor antibody
nuclear med scan
24-hour RAIU *hot and cold spots*
, ultrasound (cyst/nodule)
biopsy (cancer)
18.When do hypothyroid patients need to follow up? - ANSWER Need to get
TSH drawn every 4-6 weeks after therapy initiated
Then 2x/year then annually to check TSH and FT4
Watch for overtreatment- too much can cause hyperthyroid- risk for
osteoporosis, etc.
19.Hypothyroid patient education - ANSWER disease process, medication
(make sure they understand dosing, drugs that interfere, prescribe same
brand)
nutrition, prevention of constipation
20.What is type 1 DM and what is the most common type? - ANSWER
Autoimmune disease where beta cells are attacked and destroyed causing
hyperglycemia which leads to absolute insulin deficiency
Most common type: immune-mediated
21.Common patients that get diagnosed with type 1 DM - ANSWER
children/young adults
under age 35
BMI <25 (rarely obese)
history of type 1 in family
history of autoimmune disorders
