PAT 202- Week 6: Acute Kidney Injury and
Chronic Kidney Disease Questions and Answers
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Terms in this set (58)
filtration of plasma per unit of time and is directly
related to the perfusion pressure of renal blood flow,
What is GFR?
damage has to be quite severe for this to be affected,
should be ~120ml/min
How many ml/min of ~ 1000 to 1200 mL/min, or 20% to 25% of the cardiac
blood is filtered through output
the kidneys?
Is blood flow through the YES!
glomerular capillaries
maintained at a constant
rate?
- The renal blood vessels are innervated by the
sympathetic noradrenergic nerves that regulate
How is the nervous system vasoconstriction
connected to GFR? - Autoregulation of RBF and sympathetic neural
regulation of vasoconstriction maintain a constant
GFR
, Renin is an enzyme secreted from juxtaglomerular
cells in the afferent arteriole > angiotensin I >
What is renin and the angiotensin II > potent vasoconstrictor and also
RAAS? stimulates release of aldosterone from the adrenal
cortex. Regulator of renal blood flow and blood
pressure.
What do natriuretic Natriuretic peptides antagonize the RAAS and
peptides do? promote sodium chloride and water excretion
- Urine formation: glomerular filtration, tubular
reabsorption and tubular secretion and excretion
What functions do the - Regulation of fluid, electrolytes and acid-base
kidneys serve? balance
- Secretion or activation of hormones (e.g., Vitamin
D3, erythropoietin)
- Renal clearance: how much of a substance can be
cleared from blood by the kidneys per given amount
of time = GFR
What are the main tests of
- Creatinine, cystatin C, BUN are used to estimate
renal function?
glomerular function
- Urinalysis: Colour, turbidity, protein, pH, specific
gravity, sediment, supernatant
•Acute or chronic; reversible or irreversible
•Renal insufficiency
•Decline of renal function to approximately 25% of
normal or a GFR or 25-30 ml/minute
What are the stages of •Renal failure
kidney dysfunction? •Significant loss of renal function
•Levels of serum creatinine and urea are mildly
elevated
•End-stage renal failure
•Less than 10% of renal function remains
, •Syndrome of renal failure
•↑ Elevated blood urea and creatinine levels
•Fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, and
What is uremia?
neurologic changes
•Retention of toxic wastes, deficiency states,
electrolyte disorders, and proinflammatory state
•↑ serum urea levels and frequently increased
creatinine levels
What is azotemia? •Renal insufficiency or renal failure, causing azotemia
•Both azotemia and uremia: Accumulation of
nitrogenous waste products in the blood
- Sudden decline in kidney function with a ↓ in
glomerular filtration and urine output with
What is acute kidney accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the
injury? blood
- ↑ in serum creatinine and ↑ blood urea nitrogen
(BUN)
What are the stages of
acute kidney injury?
Chronic Kidney Disease Questions and Answers
Save
Terms in this set (58)
filtration of plasma per unit of time and is directly
related to the perfusion pressure of renal blood flow,
What is GFR?
damage has to be quite severe for this to be affected,
should be ~120ml/min
How many ml/min of ~ 1000 to 1200 mL/min, or 20% to 25% of the cardiac
blood is filtered through output
the kidneys?
Is blood flow through the YES!
glomerular capillaries
maintained at a constant
rate?
- The renal blood vessels are innervated by the
sympathetic noradrenergic nerves that regulate
How is the nervous system vasoconstriction
connected to GFR? - Autoregulation of RBF and sympathetic neural
regulation of vasoconstriction maintain a constant
GFR
, Renin is an enzyme secreted from juxtaglomerular
cells in the afferent arteriole > angiotensin I >
What is renin and the angiotensin II > potent vasoconstrictor and also
RAAS? stimulates release of aldosterone from the adrenal
cortex. Regulator of renal blood flow and blood
pressure.
What do natriuretic Natriuretic peptides antagonize the RAAS and
peptides do? promote sodium chloride and water excretion
- Urine formation: glomerular filtration, tubular
reabsorption and tubular secretion and excretion
What functions do the - Regulation of fluid, electrolytes and acid-base
kidneys serve? balance
- Secretion or activation of hormones (e.g., Vitamin
D3, erythropoietin)
- Renal clearance: how much of a substance can be
cleared from blood by the kidneys per given amount
of time = GFR
What are the main tests of
- Creatinine, cystatin C, BUN are used to estimate
renal function?
glomerular function
- Urinalysis: Colour, turbidity, protein, pH, specific
gravity, sediment, supernatant
•Acute or chronic; reversible or irreversible
•Renal insufficiency
•Decline of renal function to approximately 25% of
normal or a GFR or 25-30 ml/minute
What are the stages of •Renal failure
kidney dysfunction? •Significant loss of renal function
•Levels of serum creatinine and urea are mildly
elevated
•End-stage renal failure
•Less than 10% of renal function remains
, •Syndrome of renal failure
•↑ Elevated blood urea and creatinine levels
•Fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, and
What is uremia?
neurologic changes
•Retention of toxic wastes, deficiency states,
electrolyte disorders, and proinflammatory state
•↑ serum urea levels and frequently increased
creatinine levels
What is azotemia? •Renal insufficiency or renal failure, causing azotemia
•Both azotemia and uremia: Accumulation of
nitrogenous waste products in the blood
- Sudden decline in kidney function with a ↓ in
glomerular filtration and urine output with
What is acute kidney accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the
injury? blood
- ↑ in serum creatinine and ↑ blood urea nitrogen
(BUN)
What are the stages of
acute kidney injury?
