PAT 202 - WEEK 6 (ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Save
Terms in this set (120)
Kidneys clean your blood by removing waste and
extra water, which turn into urine; also help control
What do Kidneys do?
blood pressure, balance minerals, and make
hormones that keep your body healthy
1) Kidneys - Filter blood and produce urine
2) Ureters - Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to
Structures of the Renal the bladder
System 3) Bladder - Stores urine until it's ready to be expelled
4) Urethra - The tube that carries urine out of the
body
A nephron is the tiny filtering unit of the kidney
- Each kidney has about a million nephrons
Nephron - They remove waste, balance fluids, and help
regulate blood pressure by filtering blood and
making urine
, - Approx 1000-1200 mL/min or 20-25% of CO
- BF through the glomerular capillaries is maintained
at a constant rate despite a wide range of systemic
arterial pressures (autoregulation)
- GFR = filtration of plasma per unit of time and is
Renal Blood Flow directly related to the perfusion pressure of renal BF
- The renal BVs are innervated by the sympathetic
noradrenergic nerves that regulate vasoconstriction
- Autoregulation of RBF and sympathetic neural
regulation of vasoconstriction maintain a constant
GFR
Renin is an enzyme secreted from juxtaglomerular
cells in the afferent arteriole --> angiotensin I -->
angiotensin II --> potent vasoconstrictor and also
Renal Blood Flow: RENIN
stimulates release of aldosterone from the adrenal
cortex
- Regulator of renal blood flow and BP
Renal Blood Flow: Antagonize the RAAS and promote sodium chloride
Natriuretic Peptides and water excretion
Urine formation, glomerular filtration, tubular
reabsorption, and tubular secretion and excretion
- Glomerular filtration rate = approx 120mL/min
Normal Kidney Function - Regulation of fluid, electrolytes, and acid-base
balance
- Secretion or activation of hormones (VD3,
Erythropoietin)
Functions of Nephron Filtration
Segments: Glomerulus
within Bowman Capsule
Reabsorption of Na+ (majority), K+, glucose, amino
Functions of Nephron acids, bicarb, phosphate, urea, H2O (ADH not
Segments: Proximal required)
Tubule - Secretion of H+, foreign substances
- ISOTONIC
, - Concentration of urine (countercurrent mechanism)
- Descending loop --> water reabsorption; Na+
diffuses in
Functions of Nephron
- Ascending loop --> Na+ reabsorbed (active
Segments: Loop of Henle
transport); water stays in
- Urea secretion in thin segment
- ISOTONIC, HYPERTONIC, HYPOTONIC
- Reabsorption of Na+, H2O (ADH required), bicarb
Functions of Nephron
- Secretion of K+, urea, H+, ammonium, some drugs
Segments: Distal Tubule
- HYPOTONIC
- Reabsorption of H2O (ADH required)
Functions of Nephron
- Reabsorption or secretion of Na+, K+, H+, ammonium
Segments: Collecting
- Urea reabsorption in medulla
Duct
- Final concentration
1) Renal Clearance
Tests of Renal Function 2) Glomerular Function
3) Urinalysis
How much of a substance can be cleared from blood
Renal Clearance
by the kidneys per given amount of time = serum GFR
- Serum creatinine
Glomerular Function Tests - Cystatin C
- BUN
- Colour
- Turbidity
- Protein
Urinalysis Tests for what? - pH
- Specific gravity
- Sediment
- Supernatant
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Save
Terms in this set (120)
Kidneys clean your blood by removing waste and
extra water, which turn into urine; also help control
What do Kidneys do?
blood pressure, balance minerals, and make
hormones that keep your body healthy
1) Kidneys - Filter blood and produce urine
2) Ureters - Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to
Structures of the Renal the bladder
System 3) Bladder - Stores urine until it's ready to be expelled
4) Urethra - The tube that carries urine out of the
body
A nephron is the tiny filtering unit of the kidney
- Each kidney has about a million nephrons
Nephron - They remove waste, balance fluids, and help
regulate blood pressure by filtering blood and
making urine
, - Approx 1000-1200 mL/min or 20-25% of CO
- BF through the glomerular capillaries is maintained
at a constant rate despite a wide range of systemic
arterial pressures (autoregulation)
- GFR = filtration of plasma per unit of time and is
Renal Blood Flow directly related to the perfusion pressure of renal BF
- The renal BVs are innervated by the sympathetic
noradrenergic nerves that regulate vasoconstriction
- Autoregulation of RBF and sympathetic neural
regulation of vasoconstriction maintain a constant
GFR
Renin is an enzyme secreted from juxtaglomerular
cells in the afferent arteriole --> angiotensin I -->
angiotensin II --> potent vasoconstrictor and also
Renal Blood Flow: RENIN
stimulates release of aldosterone from the adrenal
cortex
- Regulator of renal blood flow and BP
Renal Blood Flow: Antagonize the RAAS and promote sodium chloride
Natriuretic Peptides and water excretion
Urine formation, glomerular filtration, tubular
reabsorption, and tubular secretion and excretion
- Glomerular filtration rate = approx 120mL/min
Normal Kidney Function - Regulation of fluid, electrolytes, and acid-base
balance
- Secretion or activation of hormones (VD3,
Erythropoietin)
Functions of Nephron Filtration
Segments: Glomerulus
within Bowman Capsule
Reabsorption of Na+ (majority), K+, glucose, amino
Functions of Nephron acids, bicarb, phosphate, urea, H2O (ADH not
Segments: Proximal required)
Tubule - Secretion of H+, foreign substances
- ISOTONIC
, - Concentration of urine (countercurrent mechanism)
- Descending loop --> water reabsorption; Na+
diffuses in
Functions of Nephron
- Ascending loop --> Na+ reabsorbed (active
Segments: Loop of Henle
transport); water stays in
- Urea secretion in thin segment
- ISOTONIC, HYPERTONIC, HYPOTONIC
- Reabsorption of Na+, H2O (ADH required), bicarb
Functions of Nephron
- Secretion of K+, urea, H+, ammonium, some drugs
Segments: Distal Tubule
- HYPOTONIC
- Reabsorption of H2O (ADH required)
Functions of Nephron
- Reabsorption or secretion of Na+, K+, H+, ammonium
Segments: Collecting
- Urea reabsorption in medulla
Duct
- Final concentration
1) Renal Clearance
Tests of Renal Function 2) Glomerular Function
3) Urinalysis
How much of a substance can be cleared from blood
Renal Clearance
by the kidneys per given amount of time = serum GFR
- Serum creatinine
Glomerular Function Tests - Cystatin C
- BUN
- Colour
- Turbidity
- Protein
Urinalysis Tests for what? - pH
- Specific gravity
- Sediment
- Supernatant
