TEXES 232 SOCIAL STUDIES| TOP SCORES MADE SIMPLE
| TRUSTED TEST SOLUTIONS!
Caddoes Answer: Located in Northern Texas. They were the most culturally advanced
group in the region. They had matrilineal society, tracing their lineage through the
maternal instead of the paternal line. They were successful agriculturalists who grew
maize, beans, watermelons, figs, tobacco, and squash. They were mentioned by the
Spanish explorers as "Tejas", which means "friend" in the native language.
Coahuiltecans Answer: Lived near the Rio Grande. They survived on roots, herbs, and
cactus plants. Due to their relatively remote location, decimation from disease, and
inter-tribal warfare, this tribe became extinct at an early date.
Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Kickapoo, ad Shawnee Answer: These were part of a
number of different tribes that migrated west in the early nineteenth century into Texas
from east of the Mississippi.
Karankawas Answer: Lived on the gulf between the current sites of Galveston and
Corpus Christi. They were nomadic hunter-gatherers who relied on small game and fish
for sustenance. They were known for being tall and muscular, wearing very little
clothing. They were also famous for practicing ceremonial cannibalism in which they
would consume parts of conquered enemies.
Wichitas Answer: Migrated into the southern plains. The tribe gained horses during the
1700s and used the animal as a tool to more efficiently hunt buffalo and support their
nomadic lifestyle. One unusual aspect of the Wichitas' lifestyle was that they had a
mixed economy in which they not only hunted for food but also had a vast agricultural
system in which they grew corn, beans, squash, and tobacco.
Comanches Answer: They migrated to Texas from Wyoming during the 1600s. By the
late 1600s, the Comanches acquired horses by raiding Pueblo villages. They were the
most skilled tribe in terms of horse breeding and training. The Comanches were feared
and respected for their great mobility, horsemanship, and ferocity during warfare.
Lipans Answer: They were one of the most important subgroups of the Apaches in
Texas. Initially, they had made serious trouble by raiding tribes for food and plunder.
They were mainly a nomadic group subsisting on hunting-gathering and raiding other
tribes. They gained horses after raiding Spanish and Pueblo settlements, which made
them even more formidable.
Kiowas Answer: Known as the "main people", migrated from western Montana to the
Black Hills during the early 1700s. At this time, they obtained horses, which drastically
1
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,improved their mobility and led to a lifestyle that was rather typical of the other Plain
groups who hunted buffalo and lived in tepees. In contrast, they had several
characteristics similar to the Aztecs such as drawing pictographic calendars to record
tribal events and worshiping similar stone idol. By the 1790s, they had migrated to
present-day southern Kansas and Oklahoma, becoming powerful allies of their
Comanche and Apache neighbors.
Tonkawas Answer: Located in central Texas. They were a mobile tribe much like the
Comanches and hunted bison, deer, and an assortment of smaller game. They had
early contact with the Spanish resulting in the tribe obtaining horses by the mid-1500s.
They were the traditional enemy of the Apaches, often siding with whoever fought
against them.
Alonso Alvarez de Pineda Answer: Spanish adventurer. In 1519, he was the first
European to explore and map what is now the coastline of Texas. He was sent on a
mission by the Spanish governor of Jamaica in search of resources. His expedition
established that Florida was a peninsula, established the boundaries of the Gulf of
Mexico, and disproved a sea passage to Asia.
Francisco de Coronado Answer: Spanish explorer. He led an expedition through what
is now the southwestern United States including North Texas. He was determined to
find the mythical Seven Cities of Cibola.
Cultural Assimilation Answer: Occurred when Native Americans began to adapt to the
Hispanic Culture in Texas. This assimilation initially happened through intermediaries,
but eventually from the Spanish themselves.
Missions in Texas Answer: After the establishment of several missions, the conversion
of many Native American Tribes as well as the establishment of towns such as San
Antonio , Goliad, and Nacogdoches was possible. Because of Native American attacks,
the population was very small until 1785 when a peace agreement with the Comanches
was drawn up.
Global Powers due to Colonization in the New World Answer: Spain, Portugal, France,
Britain, and Holland
3 factors behind European Exploration Answer: - searching for new trade routes to Asia
- improvements in technology
- enhancement of political and economic powers
Portuguese Exploration Answer: First nation that sought to find a new route. Under the
leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator, they embarked on finding a route to Asia
2
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,going around Africa since the Ottoman Empire cut off all trade routes. Also, they were
the first to benefit from the riches of Asian trade.
Bartolomeu Dias Answer: First European to reach the bottom of the African continent in
1488
Christopher Columbus Answer: Hired by the Spanish crown to find an Asian trade route
in the West. His voyages introduced an unknown continent of resources and wealth,
though he believed that he had landed in India.
Innovations that facilitated European Exploration Answer: The creation of smaller,
quicker ships like the caravel and galleon were ideal for long-range travel because they
were inexpensive to build, quick, and maneuverable.
Inventions that aided European Exploration Answer: The astrolabe (tool used to
determine latitude), magnetic compass (showed explorers what direction they were
travelling, and the traverse board (helped explorers track the speed and direction of the
ship) were key inventions that aided European Exploration.
Spain Answer: Controlled a massive empire that included Florida, most of the American
Southwest, California, Mexico, much of the Caribbean, and most of South America.
France Answer: Influenced the Louisiana territory and Canada.
The Netherlands Answer: Ruled over New Amsterdam (New York).
Portugal Answer: Influenced the Brazilian region of America.
Atlantic Slave Trade Answer: Began in the 1300s. Europeans colonists wanted to
exploit the natural resources of their new homes, but there was labor shortage in the
Americas. The solution was to use Africans as slaves. These slaves were typically
purchased by European slave traders from African tribal leaders. Although more slaves
were transported to South America than North America, the long-term effects were
racism in the Americas, economic stagnation in Africa, and political division in the U.S.
Columbian Exchange Answer: Exchange of plant, diseases, animals, and technology
that occurred after the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492.
Genocide of Native Americans Answer: Many deaths were caused by the violent
actions of European settlers. However, most Native American deaths can be attributed
to the spread of communicable diseases.
Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca Answer: Spanish explorer who explored most of the
region that would eventually be known as Texas. He wrote detailed accounts of his
dealings with many Native American tribes in the region in La Relacion.
3
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, Jose de Escandon Answer: First Spanish governor of Nuevo Santander, which
extended from the Panuco River to the Guadalupe River in present-day Texas. He was
known as the Exterminator of the Pames of Queretaro for his barbaric behavior toward
Native Americans.
Fray Damian Massanet Answer: Spanish Franciscan priest who co-founded the first
mission in New Spain in 1683 with Francisco Hidalgo, the College of Santa Cruz de
Queretaro. For over a decade the priests tried to establish missions in east Texas, but
could not obtain proper support from New Spain. Since he was not able to procure the
assistance New Spain, Hidalgo sent a letter to the French governor of Louisiana for
assistance in 1711.
Louis Juchereau de St. Denis Answer: Sent to east Texas to help set up Missions such
as Mission San Francinsco de los Tejas and Mission Santisimo Nombre de Maria.
These missions were abandoned in 1693 due to hostilities with Native Americans who
blamed the Spanish for a smallpox outbreak. These missions were paramount because
they led to the permanence of the European occupation of Texas.
Moses Austin Answer: Leader in the American lead industry and the first American to
obtain permission to settle in Texas in 1820. After his death, his son took his place as
the leader of the enterprise. In January 3, 1823 his son received a grant to colonize
near the Brazos River.
Gulf Coast Answer: Reaches from the Gulf of Mexico to the Balconies Fault and
Eastern Cross Timbers inland.
Interior Lowlands Answer: Stretch from Caprock Escarpment in the west, the Edwards
Plateau in the south, and the Eastern Cross Timbers to the east.
Great Plains Answer: Include the Texas panhandle, Llano Estacado, Edwards Plateau,
Toyah Basin, and Llano Uplift.
Basin and Range Province Answer: Includes the Sand Hills, Stockton Plateau, desert
valleys, wooded mountain slopes, and desert grasslands.
Irrigation Answer: One of the most important ways that both Native Americans and
Spanish settlers altered the geographic landscape of Texas.
Acequias Answer: Supplied water to seven missions near San Antonio. The first crop
that was grown using irrigation was corn, but soon other crops were successfully grown.
Ranching Answer: The Spanish settlers altered the physical environment by
introducing domesticated farm animals like cattle, pigs, and chickens. Before the arrival
of Europeans, there were no large domestic animals in New Spain. The introduction of
domestic animals was an important part of the Columbian Exchange.
4
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
| TRUSTED TEST SOLUTIONS!
Caddoes Answer: Located in Northern Texas. They were the most culturally advanced
group in the region. They had matrilineal society, tracing their lineage through the
maternal instead of the paternal line. They were successful agriculturalists who grew
maize, beans, watermelons, figs, tobacco, and squash. They were mentioned by the
Spanish explorers as "Tejas", which means "friend" in the native language.
Coahuiltecans Answer: Lived near the Rio Grande. They survived on roots, herbs, and
cactus plants. Due to their relatively remote location, decimation from disease, and
inter-tribal warfare, this tribe became extinct at an early date.
Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Kickapoo, ad Shawnee Answer: These were part of a
number of different tribes that migrated west in the early nineteenth century into Texas
from east of the Mississippi.
Karankawas Answer: Lived on the gulf between the current sites of Galveston and
Corpus Christi. They were nomadic hunter-gatherers who relied on small game and fish
for sustenance. They were known for being tall and muscular, wearing very little
clothing. They were also famous for practicing ceremonial cannibalism in which they
would consume parts of conquered enemies.
Wichitas Answer: Migrated into the southern plains. The tribe gained horses during the
1700s and used the animal as a tool to more efficiently hunt buffalo and support their
nomadic lifestyle. One unusual aspect of the Wichitas' lifestyle was that they had a
mixed economy in which they not only hunted for food but also had a vast agricultural
system in which they grew corn, beans, squash, and tobacco.
Comanches Answer: They migrated to Texas from Wyoming during the 1600s. By the
late 1600s, the Comanches acquired horses by raiding Pueblo villages. They were the
most skilled tribe in terms of horse breeding and training. The Comanches were feared
and respected for their great mobility, horsemanship, and ferocity during warfare.
Lipans Answer: They were one of the most important subgroups of the Apaches in
Texas. Initially, they had made serious trouble by raiding tribes for food and plunder.
They were mainly a nomadic group subsisting on hunting-gathering and raiding other
tribes. They gained horses after raiding Spanish and Pueblo settlements, which made
them even more formidable.
Kiowas Answer: Known as the "main people", migrated from western Montana to the
Black Hills during the early 1700s. At this time, they obtained horses, which drastically
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,improved their mobility and led to a lifestyle that was rather typical of the other Plain
groups who hunted buffalo and lived in tepees. In contrast, they had several
characteristics similar to the Aztecs such as drawing pictographic calendars to record
tribal events and worshiping similar stone idol. By the 1790s, they had migrated to
present-day southern Kansas and Oklahoma, becoming powerful allies of their
Comanche and Apache neighbors.
Tonkawas Answer: Located in central Texas. They were a mobile tribe much like the
Comanches and hunted bison, deer, and an assortment of smaller game. They had
early contact with the Spanish resulting in the tribe obtaining horses by the mid-1500s.
They were the traditional enemy of the Apaches, often siding with whoever fought
against them.
Alonso Alvarez de Pineda Answer: Spanish adventurer. In 1519, he was the first
European to explore and map what is now the coastline of Texas. He was sent on a
mission by the Spanish governor of Jamaica in search of resources. His expedition
established that Florida was a peninsula, established the boundaries of the Gulf of
Mexico, and disproved a sea passage to Asia.
Francisco de Coronado Answer: Spanish explorer. He led an expedition through what
is now the southwestern United States including North Texas. He was determined to
find the mythical Seven Cities of Cibola.
Cultural Assimilation Answer: Occurred when Native Americans began to adapt to the
Hispanic Culture in Texas. This assimilation initially happened through intermediaries,
but eventually from the Spanish themselves.
Missions in Texas Answer: After the establishment of several missions, the conversion
of many Native American Tribes as well as the establishment of towns such as San
Antonio , Goliad, and Nacogdoches was possible. Because of Native American attacks,
the population was very small until 1785 when a peace agreement with the Comanches
was drawn up.
Global Powers due to Colonization in the New World Answer: Spain, Portugal, France,
Britain, and Holland
3 factors behind European Exploration Answer: - searching for new trade routes to Asia
- improvements in technology
- enhancement of political and economic powers
Portuguese Exploration Answer: First nation that sought to find a new route. Under the
leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator, they embarked on finding a route to Asia
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,going around Africa since the Ottoman Empire cut off all trade routes. Also, they were
the first to benefit from the riches of Asian trade.
Bartolomeu Dias Answer: First European to reach the bottom of the African continent in
1488
Christopher Columbus Answer: Hired by the Spanish crown to find an Asian trade route
in the West. His voyages introduced an unknown continent of resources and wealth,
though he believed that he had landed in India.
Innovations that facilitated European Exploration Answer: The creation of smaller,
quicker ships like the caravel and galleon were ideal for long-range travel because they
were inexpensive to build, quick, and maneuverable.
Inventions that aided European Exploration Answer: The astrolabe (tool used to
determine latitude), magnetic compass (showed explorers what direction they were
travelling, and the traverse board (helped explorers track the speed and direction of the
ship) were key inventions that aided European Exploration.
Spain Answer: Controlled a massive empire that included Florida, most of the American
Southwest, California, Mexico, much of the Caribbean, and most of South America.
France Answer: Influenced the Louisiana territory and Canada.
The Netherlands Answer: Ruled over New Amsterdam (New York).
Portugal Answer: Influenced the Brazilian region of America.
Atlantic Slave Trade Answer: Began in the 1300s. Europeans colonists wanted to
exploit the natural resources of their new homes, but there was labor shortage in the
Americas. The solution was to use Africans as slaves. These slaves were typically
purchased by European slave traders from African tribal leaders. Although more slaves
were transported to South America than North America, the long-term effects were
racism in the Americas, economic stagnation in Africa, and political division in the U.S.
Columbian Exchange Answer: Exchange of plant, diseases, animals, and technology
that occurred after the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492.
Genocide of Native Americans Answer: Many deaths were caused by the violent
actions of European settlers. However, most Native American deaths can be attributed
to the spread of communicable diseases.
Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca Answer: Spanish explorer who explored most of the
region that would eventually be known as Texas. He wrote detailed accounts of his
dealings with many Native American tribes in the region in La Relacion.
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, Jose de Escandon Answer: First Spanish governor of Nuevo Santander, which
extended from the Panuco River to the Guadalupe River in present-day Texas. He was
known as the Exterminator of the Pames of Queretaro for his barbaric behavior toward
Native Americans.
Fray Damian Massanet Answer: Spanish Franciscan priest who co-founded the first
mission in New Spain in 1683 with Francisco Hidalgo, the College of Santa Cruz de
Queretaro. For over a decade the priests tried to establish missions in east Texas, but
could not obtain proper support from New Spain. Since he was not able to procure the
assistance New Spain, Hidalgo sent a letter to the French governor of Louisiana for
assistance in 1711.
Louis Juchereau de St. Denis Answer: Sent to east Texas to help set up Missions such
as Mission San Francinsco de los Tejas and Mission Santisimo Nombre de Maria.
These missions were abandoned in 1693 due to hostilities with Native Americans who
blamed the Spanish for a smallpox outbreak. These missions were paramount because
they led to the permanence of the European occupation of Texas.
Moses Austin Answer: Leader in the American lead industry and the first American to
obtain permission to settle in Texas in 1820. After his death, his son took his place as
the leader of the enterprise. In January 3, 1823 his son received a grant to colonize
near the Brazos River.
Gulf Coast Answer: Reaches from the Gulf of Mexico to the Balconies Fault and
Eastern Cross Timbers inland.
Interior Lowlands Answer: Stretch from Caprock Escarpment in the west, the Edwards
Plateau in the south, and the Eastern Cross Timbers to the east.
Great Plains Answer: Include the Texas panhandle, Llano Estacado, Edwards Plateau,
Toyah Basin, and Llano Uplift.
Basin and Range Province Answer: Includes the Sand Hills, Stockton Plateau, desert
valleys, wooded mountain slopes, and desert grasslands.
Irrigation Answer: One of the most important ways that both Native Americans and
Spanish settlers altered the geographic landscape of Texas.
Acequias Answer: Supplied water to seven missions near San Antonio. The first crop
that was grown using irrigation was corn, but soon other crops were successfully grown.
Ranching Answer: The Spanish settlers altered the physical environment by
introducing domesticated farm animals like cattle, pigs, and chickens. Before the arrival
of Europeans, there were no large domestic animals in New Spain. The introduction of
domestic animals was an important part of the Columbian Exchange.
4
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
