PAT 202 - WEEK 11 (Cancer Management)
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Terms in this set (109)
Clinical Manifestations of - Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Cancer - Cachexia
Symptom complexes are triggered by a cancer but
are not caused by direct local effects of the tumor
mass
- Caused by biological substances released from the
tumor (hormones) or by an immune response
triggered by the tumor mass
- A few carcinoid tumors release hormones including
serotonin into the bloodstream that cause flushing,
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
diarrhea, wheezing, rapid HR
- Many cancers trigger an antibody response that
attacks the nervous system, causing a variety of
neurologic disorders that can show up before other
symptoms of cancer by months
- Infrequent but can be the earliest symptom of an
unknown cancer
- Can be irreversible and life-threatening
, - Hypercalcemia --> breast, renal, ovarian carcinomas
- Hypoglycemia --> fibrosarcoma, hepatocellular
Paraneoplastic
carcinoma
Syndromes: Examples of
- Polycythemia --> renal, cerebellar, hepatocellular
Clinical Syndrome with
- CNS disorders --> breast
form of Underlying
- Dermatomyositis --> bronchogenic, breast
Cancer
- Clubbing of fingers --> bronchiogenic carcinoma
- Anemia --> thymic neoplasms
Most severe form of malnutrition
- Leads to protein-calorie malnutrition and
progressive wasting
- Multi-organ syndrome
- Energy balance disorder where energy intake is
decreased, and energy expenditure is increased
(expenditure depends on the tumor type and its
Cachexia
growth phase
- Loss of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
- Changes in hypothalamic function and activation of
BAT
- Alterations in liver and heart function
- Possibility of a gut-microbiota-skeletal muscle
relationship
- Anorexia
- Early satiety
- Weight loss
Clinical Manifestations of
- Anemia
Cachexia
- Asthenia
- Taste alterations
- Altered protein, lipid, carbohydrate metabolism
, Shows how different body
systems interact and contribute
to muscle wasting and overall
body decline, esp in chronic
diseases like cancer:
Brain: Changes in brain signals
cause loss of appetite
(anorexia), smell/taste changes
— leading to less food intake
WAT (fat): Breaks down fat more,
releasing fatty acids and
inflammatory chemicals —
contributing to wasting
BAT: Uses up more energy
inefficiently — this is called
thermogenesis
Cachexia Diagram
Heart: Weakens (atrophy), uses
Explained
more energy, and may also
release harmful substances —
leading to cardiac dysfunction.
Liver: Produces stress-related
proteins and less albumin (a vital
protein), possibly releases
inflammation — part of the
acute-phase response
Gut: Damaged barrier, hormone
issues, and inflammation —
causing malabsorption (poor
nutrient uptake)
Skeletal muscle: Central to the
diagram — it wastes away as a
result of problems in all the
above organs
Questions and Answers
Save
Terms in this set (109)
Clinical Manifestations of - Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Cancer - Cachexia
Symptom complexes are triggered by a cancer but
are not caused by direct local effects of the tumor
mass
- Caused by biological substances released from the
tumor (hormones) or by an immune response
triggered by the tumor mass
- A few carcinoid tumors release hormones including
serotonin into the bloodstream that cause flushing,
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
diarrhea, wheezing, rapid HR
- Many cancers trigger an antibody response that
attacks the nervous system, causing a variety of
neurologic disorders that can show up before other
symptoms of cancer by months
- Infrequent but can be the earliest symptom of an
unknown cancer
- Can be irreversible and life-threatening
, - Hypercalcemia --> breast, renal, ovarian carcinomas
- Hypoglycemia --> fibrosarcoma, hepatocellular
Paraneoplastic
carcinoma
Syndromes: Examples of
- Polycythemia --> renal, cerebellar, hepatocellular
Clinical Syndrome with
- CNS disorders --> breast
form of Underlying
- Dermatomyositis --> bronchogenic, breast
Cancer
- Clubbing of fingers --> bronchiogenic carcinoma
- Anemia --> thymic neoplasms
Most severe form of malnutrition
- Leads to protein-calorie malnutrition and
progressive wasting
- Multi-organ syndrome
- Energy balance disorder where energy intake is
decreased, and energy expenditure is increased
(expenditure depends on the tumor type and its
Cachexia
growth phase
- Loss of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
- Changes in hypothalamic function and activation of
BAT
- Alterations in liver and heart function
- Possibility of a gut-microbiota-skeletal muscle
relationship
- Anorexia
- Early satiety
- Weight loss
Clinical Manifestations of
- Anemia
Cachexia
- Asthenia
- Taste alterations
- Altered protein, lipid, carbohydrate metabolism
, Shows how different body
systems interact and contribute
to muscle wasting and overall
body decline, esp in chronic
diseases like cancer:
Brain: Changes in brain signals
cause loss of appetite
(anorexia), smell/taste changes
— leading to less food intake
WAT (fat): Breaks down fat more,
releasing fatty acids and
inflammatory chemicals —
contributing to wasting
BAT: Uses up more energy
inefficiently — this is called
thermogenesis
Cachexia Diagram
Heart: Weakens (atrophy), uses
Explained
more energy, and may also
release harmful substances —
leading to cardiac dysfunction.
Liver: Produces stress-related
proteins and less albumin (a vital
protein), possibly releases
inflammation — part of the
acute-phase response
Gut: Damaged barrier, hormone
issues, and inflammation —
causing malabsorption (poor
nutrient uptake)
Skeletal muscle: Central to the
diagram — it wastes away as a
result of problems in all the
above organs
