PAT 202 - WEEK 4 (Management of Acute and
Chronic Complications of Diabetes (T1D/T2D)
Questions and Answers
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Terms in this set (68)
Lowered plasma glucose level
Hypoglycemia - Less than 4 mmol/L (3.9 or <)
- Called insulin shock, insulin rxn
T1D or T2D and taking insulin or non-insulin treatments
- Unexpected changes in caloric intake without
modification of insulin dose (or non-insulin treatments)
Etiology/Predisposing
- Too much insulin or non-insulin
Factors of Hypoglycemia
- Not timed with food intake
- Drug interactions with insulin may potentiate its
effects
- Tachycardia
- Palpitations
Hypoglycemia:
- Diaphoresis
Neurogenic Adrenergic
- Tremors
Symptoms (Activation of
- Pallor
SNS)
- Arousal anxiety
- Hunger
, - H/A
- Dizziness
- Blurred vision
Hypoglycemia:
- Irritability
Neuroglycopenic
- Fatigue
Symptoms (Abrupt
- Poor judgment
Cessation of Glucose
- Confusion
Delivery to Brain)
- Seizures
- Coma
- Death
Treatment of - Oral or IV glucose (D50W)
Hypoglycemia - Glucagon: prescribed for emergency use
Counter-Regulatory - Somogyi Effect
Mechanisms - Dawn Phenomenon
1) Insulin-induced hypoglycemia produces
compensatory increase in blood levels of glucagon,
catecholamines, growth hormone and cortisol
What happens in Counter-
2) Counter-regulatory hormones cause increased BG
Regulatory Mechanisms?
and insulin resistance
3) Increased BG and insulin resistance treated with
larger insulin doses
- Hypoglycemia approx. 3 AM ( too much
intermediate-acting insulin given at dinner time
followed by rebound hyperglycemia)
Somogyi Effect - Hyperglycemia caused by secretion of counter-
regulatory hormones (epinephrine, GH,
corticosteroids; stimulated by hypoglycemia -->
GLUCONEOGENESIS)
What contributes to Increased/excessive carbohydrate intake may
Rebound Hyperglycemia? contribute to rebound hyperglycemia
Treatment of Somogyi Decrease evening insulin level
Effect
Chronic Complications of Diabetes (T1D/T2D)
Questions and Answers
Save
Terms in this set (68)
Lowered plasma glucose level
Hypoglycemia - Less than 4 mmol/L (3.9 or <)
- Called insulin shock, insulin rxn
T1D or T2D and taking insulin or non-insulin treatments
- Unexpected changes in caloric intake without
modification of insulin dose (or non-insulin treatments)
Etiology/Predisposing
- Too much insulin or non-insulin
Factors of Hypoglycemia
- Not timed with food intake
- Drug interactions with insulin may potentiate its
effects
- Tachycardia
- Palpitations
Hypoglycemia:
- Diaphoresis
Neurogenic Adrenergic
- Tremors
Symptoms (Activation of
- Pallor
SNS)
- Arousal anxiety
- Hunger
, - H/A
- Dizziness
- Blurred vision
Hypoglycemia:
- Irritability
Neuroglycopenic
- Fatigue
Symptoms (Abrupt
- Poor judgment
Cessation of Glucose
- Confusion
Delivery to Brain)
- Seizures
- Coma
- Death
Treatment of - Oral or IV glucose (D50W)
Hypoglycemia - Glucagon: prescribed for emergency use
Counter-Regulatory - Somogyi Effect
Mechanisms - Dawn Phenomenon
1) Insulin-induced hypoglycemia produces
compensatory increase in blood levels of glucagon,
catecholamines, growth hormone and cortisol
What happens in Counter-
2) Counter-regulatory hormones cause increased BG
Regulatory Mechanisms?
and insulin resistance
3) Increased BG and insulin resistance treated with
larger insulin doses
- Hypoglycemia approx. 3 AM ( too much
intermediate-acting insulin given at dinner time
followed by rebound hyperglycemia)
Somogyi Effect - Hyperglycemia caused by secretion of counter-
regulatory hormones (epinephrine, GH,
corticosteroids; stimulated by hypoglycemia -->
GLUCONEOGENESIS)
What contributes to Increased/excessive carbohydrate intake may
Rebound Hyperglycemia? contribute to rebound hyperglycemia
Treatment of Somogyi Decrease evening insulin level
Effect
