HTN - PHARM EXAM 2| TOP SCORES MADE SIMPLE |
TRUSTED TEST SOLUTIONS!
current HTN guidelines Answer: JNC 8
ACC/AHA
importance of BP Answer: perfusion - providing O2 and nutrients
JNC 8 HTN Guidelines Answer: HTN = >140/>90 for most
initially controversial
easy tx algorithm especially for those with uncomplciated HTN
hasn't been updated, so focus on ACC/AHA guidelines
ACC/AHA HTN guidelines Answer: HTN = >130/>80
more detail and classifications than JNC 8 although medication choices don't change or
differ
goes into more detail when it comes to the treatment of HTN in pts with other
comorbidities
factors that influence BP Answer: cardiac output (filling pressure, contractility, HR),
peripheral resistance (arteriolar tone)
major targets for antihypertensive therapies
as we age our BP will Answer: trend higher (aka higher BP ranges are considered
'normal' in older patients); helps protect against orthostatic hypotension and
complications
2 major BP control mechanisms Answer: baroreceptors and the sympathetic nervous
system
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
baroreceptors and the sympathetic nervous system BP Control mechanism Answer:
responsible for rapid, moment-to-moment regulation of BP
when a decrease in BP is noticed, baroreceptos trigger increased sympathetic tone
RAA system BP control mechanism Answer: when baroreceptors in the kidney sense
low BP, renin is released causing a cascade that will increase BV by fluid and sodium
retnetion
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, angiotesnin II is also made and acts as a potent vasoconstrictor
types of HTN Answer: essential -- no identifiable cause
secondary -- caused by another condition
HTN treatment Answer: therapeutic lifestyle changes
meds
therapeutic lifestyle changes - HTN Answer: changes in diet (decrease sodium intake,
caffeine intake, drink water), weight loss, reduction in stress, smoking cessation
quitting smoking benefits Answer: 20 min after quitting: HR and BP drop to normal
levels
12 hrs after quitting: level of CO in blood drops to normal
2 wks after quitting: ciruclation and lung function improve
1-9 weeks after quitting: smoker 'norms' like chronic cough and SOB become less
pronounced; ciliar work again to clean lungs and decrease risk of infection
1 yr after quitting: risk of getting coronary heart disase is half as high as a smoker's
5 yrs after quitting: risk of mouth, throat, esophagus, and bladder cancer is half of what
it is for smokers, risk of cerivcal cancer and CVA fall too
10 yrs after quitting: risk of dying from lung cancer is half that of smokers, pancreating
and larynx cancer risk also decrases
15 yrs after quitting: risk of heart disease is equivalent to non-smoker's
if TLC does not work Answer: we will look at patient specific factors to determine the
appropriate therapy
main factors that the guidelines consider are race, age, and concurrent disease states
ACCA/AHA normal BP Answer: <120/80
ACCA/AHA elevated BP Answer: 120-129/<80
ACCA/AHA stage 1 HTN BP Answer: 130-139/80-89
ACCA/AHA stage 2 HTN BP Answer: >140/90
ACCA/AHA normal BP management Answer: promote optimal lifestyle habits, reassess
in 1 year
ACCA/AHA elevated BP management Answer: lifestyle therapy, reassess in 3-6
months
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
TRUSTED TEST SOLUTIONS!
current HTN guidelines Answer: JNC 8
ACC/AHA
importance of BP Answer: perfusion - providing O2 and nutrients
JNC 8 HTN Guidelines Answer: HTN = >140/>90 for most
initially controversial
easy tx algorithm especially for those with uncomplciated HTN
hasn't been updated, so focus on ACC/AHA guidelines
ACC/AHA HTN guidelines Answer: HTN = >130/>80
more detail and classifications than JNC 8 although medication choices don't change or
differ
goes into more detail when it comes to the treatment of HTN in pts with other
comorbidities
factors that influence BP Answer: cardiac output (filling pressure, contractility, HR),
peripheral resistance (arteriolar tone)
major targets for antihypertensive therapies
as we age our BP will Answer: trend higher (aka higher BP ranges are considered
'normal' in older patients); helps protect against orthostatic hypotension and
complications
2 major BP control mechanisms Answer: baroreceptors and the sympathetic nervous
system
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
baroreceptors and the sympathetic nervous system BP Control mechanism Answer:
responsible for rapid, moment-to-moment regulation of BP
when a decrease in BP is noticed, baroreceptos trigger increased sympathetic tone
RAA system BP control mechanism Answer: when baroreceptors in the kidney sense
low BP, renin is released causing a cascade that will increase BV by fluid and sodium
retnetion
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, angiotesnin II is also made and acts as a potent vasoconstrictor
types of HTN Answer: essential -- no identifiable cause
secondary -- caused by another condition
HTN treatment Answer: therapeutic lifestyle changes
meds
therapeutic lifestyle changes - HTN Answer: changes in diet (decrease sodium intake,
caffeine intake, drink water), weight loss, reduction in stress, smoking cessation
quitting smoking benefits Answer: 20 min after quitting: HR and BP drop to normal
levels
12 hrs after quitting: level of CO in blood drops to normal
2 wks after quitting: ciruclation and lung function improve
1-9 weeks after quitting: smoker 'norms' like chronic cough and SOB become less
pronounced; ciliar work again to clean lungs and decrease risk of infection
1 yr after quitting: risk of getting coronary heart disase is half as high as a smoker's
5 yrs after quitting: risk of mouth, throat, esophagus, and bladder cancer is half of what
it is for smokers, risk of cerivcal cancer and CVA fall too
10 yrs after quitting: risk of dying from lung cancer is half that of smokers, pancreating
and larynx cancer risk also decrases
15 yrs after quitting: risk of heart disease is equivalent to non-smoker's
if TLC does not work Answer: we will look at patient specific factors to determine the
appropriate therapy
main factors that the guidelines consider are race, age, and concurrent disease states
ACCA/AHA normal BP Answer: <120/80
ACCA/AHA elevated BP Answer: 120-129/<80
ACCA/AHA stage 1 HTN BP Answer: 130-139/80-89
ACCA/AHA stage 2 HTN BP Answer: >140/90
ACCA/AHA normal BP management Answer: promote optimal lifestyle habits, reassess
in 1 year
ACCA/AHA elevated BP management Answer: lifestyle therapy, reassess in 3-6
months
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
