Opthalmology pearls
CAVERNOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS
Cavernous Sinus is Pair of Dural venous sinuses in middle cranial fossa
Rare, life-threatening condition Complicating facial infection (nasal
furuncle)/sinusitis, orbital cellulitis forming bacterial embolus (Staph Aureus)
leading to thrombosis
Symptoms:
• Headache (M/c)
• Swelling
• Fevers
• Rigors
• Cranial Nerve signs
• Proptosis,
• EOM paralysis
o Earliest Sign: 6th nerve palsy
o B/L within 48 hours
CNS Symptoms
• Disorientation
• Drowsiness
• Coma
o 6th palsy with Horner's syndrome (HS) → CS - Parkinson's Sign
Treatment
• i/v Antibiotics
• i/v Heparin
• Steroids
EYELID
ECTROPION
→ Outward rolling of eye lids
→ TYPES
① Cicatricial
② Involutional [mc]
, ③ Mechanical
④ Paralytic
→ TREATMENT
① Lateral strip procedure
② Retractor reinsertion
LENS
BLINDNESS
mc cause of blindness in world → Cataract
2nd mcc of blindness in the world → Glaucoma
mc infectious cause of blindness → Trachoma
mcc of blindness in children → Vit A deficiency
mcc of ocular morbidity → Refractive errors
ORBITAL CELLULITIS
→ Infection of Orbit behind Orbital Septum
→ mc cause of Orbital cellulitis → Ethmoidal Sinusitis
→ mc organism causing orbital cellulitis → Staph. aureus
6/6 – 6/18 → Normal vision
6/18 – 6/60 → Low vision
< 6/60 → Blind [Old definition]
< 3/60 † best possible correction in better eye → Blind [New definition]
< 6/60 → Economic Blindness
< 3/60 → Social Blindness
< 1/60 → Manifest Blindness
No Light Perception → Absolute Blindness
According to WHO
< 3/60 † best possible correction in better eye → BLIND
CAVERNOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS
Cavernous Sinus is Pair of Dural venous sinuses in middle cranial fossa
Rare, life-threatening condition Complicating facial infection (nasal
furuncle)/sinusitis, orbital cellulitis forming bacterial embolus (Staph Aureus)
leading to thrombosis
Symptoms:
• Headache (M/c)
• Swelling
• Fevers
• Rigors
• Cranial Nerve signs
• Proptosis,
• EOM paralysis
o Earliest Sign: 6th nerve palsy
o B/L within 48 hours
CNS Symptoms
• Disorientation
• Drowsiness
• Coma
o 6th palsy with Horner's syndrome (HS) → CS - Parkinson's Sign
Treatment
• i/v Antibiotics
• i/v Heparin
• Steroids
EYELID
ECTROPION
→ Outward rolling of eye lids
→ TYPES
① Cicatricial
② Involutional [mc]
, ③ Mechanical
④ Paralytic
→ TREATMENT
① Lateral strip procedure
② Retractor reinsertion
LENS
BLINDNESS
mc cause of blindness in world → Cataract
2nd mcc of blindness in the world → Glaucoma
mc infectious cause of blindness → Trachoma
mcc of blindness in children → Vit A deficiency
mcc of ocular morbidity → Refractive errors
ORBITAL CELLULITIS
→ Infection of Orbit behind Orbital Septum
→ mc cause of Orbital cellulitis → Ethmoidal Sinusitis
→ mc organism causing orbital cellulitis → Staph. aureus
6/6 – 6/18 → Normal vision
6/18 – 6/60 → Low vision
< 6/60 → Blind [Old definition]
< 3/60 † best possible correction in better eye → Blind [New definition]
< 6/60 → Economic Blindness
< 3/60 → Social Blindness
< 1/60 → Manifest Blindness
No Light Perception → Absolute Blindness
According to WHO
< 3/60 † best possible correction in better eye → BLIND
