BLOCK 5 - EXAM 2 - QUIZ 4 + QUIZ 5 CONTENT + POST
QUIZ CONTENT| TOP SCORES MADE SIMPLE | TRUSTED
TEST SOLUTIONS!
What lower respiratory tract infections are single-stranded positive-sense enveloped
helical RNA viruses Answer: Coronaviridae
What lower respiratory tract infections are single-stranded negative-sense enveloped
helical RNA viruses Answer: - Orthomyxoviridae
- Paramyxoviridae
- Pneumoviridae
- Bunyaviridae
What lower respiratory tract infections are double-stranded naked isosahedral linear
DNA viruses Answer: Adenoviridae
Coronaviridae virus type Answer: Single-stranded positive-sense enveloped helical
RNA virus
Orthomyxoviridae virus type Answer: Single-stranded negative-sense enveloped helical
RNA virus
Paramyxoviridae virus type Answer: Single-stranded negative-sense enveloped helical
RNA virus
Pneumoviridae virus type Answer: Single-stranded negative-sense enveloped helical
RNA virus
Bunyaviridae virus type Answer: Single-stranded negative-sense enveloped helical
RNA virus
Adenoviridae virus type Answer: What lower respiratory tract infections are double-
stranded naked isosahedral linear DNA viruses
Adenovirus symptoms Answer: Respiratory disease
- Some cause gastroenteritis & other types of disease
What virus causes respiratory disease
- Some cause gastroenteritis & other types of disease Answer: Adenovirus
1
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,How is adenovirus transmitted? Answer: respiratory droplets & fecal-oral
Virus spread through respiratory droplets & fecal-oral Answer: Adenovirus
Minor symptoms of adenovirus Answer: - Fever
- Conjunctivitis or "pink-eye"
- Pharyngitis
- Pharyngoconjunctival fever = pharyngitis + conjunctivitis
- Common cold
- Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (outbreaks)
Moderate to severe symptoms of adenovirus Answer: - Croup
- Bronchiolitis
- Pneumonia
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Diagnosis of adenovirus Answer: ELISA to detect viral Ag & PCR
- viral culture
Treatment of adenovirus Answer: Mostly self-limiting
- Cidofovir and IVIG -> Immunocompromised & Severe Disease
Cidofovir and IVIG Answer: Used in the treatment of adenovirus in
immunocompromised & Severe Disease
Used in the treatment of adenovirus in immunocompromised & Severe Disease
Answer: Cidofovir and IVIG
+ssRNA, enveloped virus w/prominent Spike proteins Answer: Coronaviruses
Transmission of COVID-19 Answer: Respiratory droplets
- Closer and longer exposure—increased risk
- Most infectious—first few days of symptoms
Mild COVID-19 symptoms Answer: Nasal congestion, sore throat, fever, & headache
- dry cough, chills, loss of smell (anosmia) or altered taste
Severe COVID-19 symptoms Answer: - Dyspnea: Pneumonia and hypoxia—most
common
2
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,- shock, organ failure, cardiac and thrombotic events & secondary infections;
multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
What increases risk of severe symptoms in COVID-19 Answer: older age, obesity,
diabetes, racial/ethnic minorities (due to health/social inequities), unvaccinated, & other
underlying conditions
Paxlovid Answer: Antiviral for COVID-19
- Nirmatrelvir: viral protease inhibitor
- Ritonavir: enhancer; cytochrome P-450 inhibitor slows metabolism of nirmatrelvir)
Diagnostic Tests for COVID-19 Answer: - Nucleic acid amplification: best sensitivity &
preferred; Takes longer and is more expensive
- Rapid antigen tests: Less sensitive but rapid; Useful for symptomatic cases and
screening in high-risk settings
COVID-19 Vaccines MOA Answer: Target the Spike protein to block viral entry via
ACE2
What vaccines Target the Spike protein to block viral entry via ACE2 Answer: COVID-
19 Vaccines
COVID-19 Vaccines are now recommended for what ages Answer: 18 years+
- For 6 months-17 years -> talk w/healthcare providers
Moderna is what type of vaccine? Answer: mRNA vaccine
Pfizer-BioNTech is what type of vaccine? Answer: mRNA vaccine
Novavax is what type of vaccine? Answer: protein subunit
Orthomyxoviridae Answer: influenza virus
The influenza virus is part of what Viridae Answer: Orthomyxoviridae
Influenza Virus - Type A Answer: Orthomyxoviridae that causes the most infections
- Zoonotic w/ antigenic shift and drift
- Humans, pigs, birds, bats (many vertebrates)
Orthomyxoviridae that causes the most infections
- Zoonotic w/ antigenic shift and drift Answer: Influenza Viruses - Type A
Influenza Virus - Type B Answer: Orthomyxoviridae that involves humans only and
involves antigenic drift (no antigenic shift)
3
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, Orthomyxoviridae that involves humans only and involves antigenic drift (no antigenic
shift) Answer: Influenza Virus - Type B
Orthomyxoviridae that causes minor respiratory disease and affects humans only
Answer: Influenza Virus - Type C
Influenza Virus - Type C Answer: Orthomyxoviridae that causes minor respiratory
disease and affects humans only
Transmission of Influenza Virus Answer: Direct, droplet, fomite, & airborne transmission
animal to human transmission of influenza virus is rare and only occurs in what type?
Answer: Influenza Viruses - Type A
Local symptoms of Influenza Virus Answer: Nonproductive cough, runny/stuffy nose,
sore throat
- Secondary bacterial infections***
Nonproductive cough, runny/stuffy nose, sore throat and secondary bacterial infections
are local symptoms of? Answer: Influenza Virus
Influenza Virus causes [productive/nonproductive] cough Answer: Nonproductive
cough
Systemic symptoms of influenza virus Answer: Fever, malaise, headache & myalgia
Influenza Virus Infection in Older Adults Answer: May be more subtle
- secondary bacterial pneumonia***
- Mental status changes common
- Anorexia, malaise, weakness and dizziness
Secondary bacterial pneumonia is a common symptom of what virus? Answer:
Influenza Virus
Influenza Virus Infection in young children Answer: - Bronchiolitis, croup, higher fever
- Vomiting and diarrhea (FYI: ~10-20%)
- Common Complications: otitis media & secondary bacterial pneumonia
Influenza Virus Infection in [young children/old adults] result in:
- Bronchiolitis, croup, higher fever
- Vomiting and diarrhea (FYI: ~10-20%)
- Common Complications: otitis media & secondary bacterial
4
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QUIZ CONTENT| TOP SCORES MADE SIMPLE | TRUSTED
TEST SOLUTIONS!
What lower respiratory tract infections are single-stranded positive-sense enveloped
helical RNA viruses Answer: Coronaviridae
What lower respiratory tract infections are single-stranded negative-sense enveloped
helical RNA viruses Answer: - Orthomyxoviridae
- Paramyxoviridae
- Pneumoviridae
- Bunyaviridae
What lower respiratory tract infections are double-stranded naked isosahedral linear
DNA viruses Answer: Adenoviridae
Coronaviridae virus type Answer: Single-stranded positive-sense enveloped helical
RNA virus
Orthomyxoviridae virus type Answer: Single-stranded negative-sense enveloped helical
RNA virus
Paramyxoviridae virus type Answer: Single-stranded negative-sense enveloped helical
RNA virus
Pneumoviridae virus type Answer: Single-stranded negative-sense enveloped helical
RNA virus
Bunyaviridae virus type Answer: Single-stranded negative-sense enveloped helical
RNA virus
Adenoviridae virus type Answer: What lower respiratory tract infections are double-
stranded naked isosahedral linear DNA viruses
Adenovirus symptoms Answer: Respiratory disease
- Some cause gastroenteritis & other types of disease
What virus causes respiratory disease
- Some cause gastroenteritis & other types of disease Answer: Adenovirus
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,How is adenovirus transmitted? Answer: respiratory droplets & fecal-oral
Virus spread through respiratory droplets & fecal-oral Answer: Adenovirus
Minor symptoms of adenovirus Answer: - Fever
- Conjunctivitis or "pink-eye"
- Pharyngitis
- Pharyngoconjunctival fever = pharyngitis + conjunctivitis
- Common cold
- Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (outbreaks)
Moderate to severe symptoms of adenovirus Answer: - Croup
- Bronchiolitis
- Pneumonia
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Diagnosis of adenovirus Answer: ELISA to detect viral Ag & PCR
- viral culture
Treatment of adenovirus Answer: Mostly self-limiting
- Cidofovir and IVIG -> Immunocompromised & Severe Disease
Cidofovir and IVIG Answer: Used in the treatment of adenovirus in
immunocompromised & Severe Disease
Used in the treatment of adenovirus in immunocompromised & Severe Disease
Answer: Cidofovir and IVIG
+ssRNA, enveloped virus w/prominent Spike proteins Answer: Coronaviruses
Transmission of COVID-19 Answer: Respiratory droplets
- Closer and longer exposure—increased risk
- Most infectious—first few days of symptoms
Mild COVID-19 symptoms Answer: Nasal congestion, sore throat, fever, & headache
- dry cough, chills, loss of smell (anosmia) or altered taste
Severe COVID-19 symptoms Answer: - Dyspnea: Pneumonia and hypoxia—most
common
2
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,- shock, organ failure, cardiac and thrombotic events & secondary infections;
multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
What increases risk of severe symptoms in COVID-19 Answer: older age, obesity,
diabetes, racial/ethnic minorities (due to health/social inequities), unvaccinated, & other
underlying conditions
Paxlovid Answer: Antiviral for COVID-19
- Nirmatrelvir: viral protease inhibitor
- Ritonavir: enhancer; cytochrome P-450 inhibitor slows metabolism of nirmatrelvir)
Diagnostic Tests for COVID-19 Answer: - Nucleic acid amplification: best sensitivity &
preferred; Takes longer and is more expensive
- Rapid antigen tests: Less sensitive but rapid; Useful for symptomatic cases and
screening in high-risk settings
COVID-19 Vaccines MOA Answer: Target the Spike protein to block viral entry via
ACE2
What vaccines Target the Spike protein to block viral entry via ACE2 Answer: COVID-
19 Vaccines
COVID-19 Vaccines are now recommended for what ages Answer: 18 years+
- For 6 months-17 years -> talk w/healthcare providers
Moderna is what type of vaccine? Answer: mRNA vaccine
Pfizer-BioNTech is what type of vaccine? Answer: mRNA vaccine
Novavax is what type of vaccine? Answer: protein subunit
Orthomyxoviridae Answer: influenza virus
The influenza virus is part of what Viridae Answer: Orthomyxoviridae
Influenza Virus - Type A Answer: Orthomyxoviridae that causes the most infections
- Zoonotic w/ antigenic shift and drift
- Humans, pigs, birds, bats (many vertebrates)
Orthomyxoviridae that causes the most infections
- Zoonotic w/ antigenic shift and drift Answer: Influenza Viruses - Type A
Influenza Virus - Type B Answer: Orthomyxoviridae that involves humans only and
involves antigenic drift (no antigenic shift)
3
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, Orthomyxoviridae that involves humans only and involves antigenic drift (no antigenic
shift) Answer: Influenza Virus - Type B
Orthomyxoviridae that causes minor respiratory disease and affects humans only
Answer: Influenza Virus - Type C
Influenza Virus - Type C Answer: Orthomyxoviridae that causes minor respiratory
disease and affects humans only
Transmission of Influenza Virus Answer: Direct, droplet, fomite, & airborne transmission
animal to human transmission of influenza virus is rare and only occurs in what type?
Answer: Influenza Viruses - Type A
Local symptoms of Influenza Virus Answer: Nonproductive cough, runny/stuffy nose,
sore throat
- Secondary bacterial infections***
Nonproductive cough, runny/stuffy nose, sore throat and secondary bacterial infections
are local symptoms of? Answer: Influenza Virus
Influenza Virus causes [productive/nonproductive] cough Answer: Nonproductive
cough
Systemic symptoms of influenza virus Answer: Fever, malaise, headache & myalgia
Influenza Virus Infection in Older Adults Answer: May be more subtle
- secondary bacterial pneumonia***
- Mental status changes common
- Anorexia, malaise, weakness and dizziness
Secondary bacterial pneumonia is a common symptom of what virus? Answer:
Influenza Virus
Influenza Virus Infection in young children Answer: - Bronchiolitis, croup, higher fever
- Vomiting and diarrhea (FYI: ~10-20%)
- Common Complications: otitis media & secondary bacterial pneumonia
Influenza Virus Infection in [young children/old adults] result in:
- Bronchiolitis, croup, higher fever
- Vomiting and diarrhea (FYI: ~10-20%)
- Common Complications: otitis media & secondary bacterial
4
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