BIO 109
BIO 109 Exam 2 with Verified Answers 2026
Osteoclasts
cells that break down bone matrix
Osteoblasts
builds bone
Osteocytes
mature bone cells/ maintain bone
bones of skeleton
axial and appendicular skeleton
growth process of long bones
They grow primarily by elongation of the diaphysis, with an epiphysis at each
end of the growing bone. The ends of epiphyses are covered with hyaline
cartilage ("articular cartilage"). The longitudinal growth of long bones is a
result of endochondral ossification at the epiphyseal plate.
compact bone
Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone
(mostly solid matrix and cells)
cancellous bone
spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone (lacy network of
bone with many small spaces that are filled with marrow)
attachment site
prominite projections
Bone processes/projections
-In anatomy, a process is a projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger
body. For instance, in a vertebra, a process may serve for muscle attachment
and leverage, or to fit, with another vertebra.
BIO 109
, BIO 109
-A projection is an area of a bone that projects above the surface of the
bone.
what sutures make up the vertebral column?
lambdoidal suture, coronal suture, sagittal suture, squamous sutures
What are the differences in the male and female pelvis?
Male sub pubic angle is less that 90 degrees and female Is greater than 90
degrees
Flexion
bending a joint
Extention
Straightening of a joint
Supination
movement that turns the palm up
Pronation
turning the palm downward
long bones
bones of the arms and legs/bones that are longer than they are wide
short bones
carpals and tarsals/bones of the wrist and ankles
flat bones
These bones are thin, flat, and curved. They form the ribs, breastbone, and
skull.
irregular bones
bones of the vertebrae and face
Lambdoidal suture)
BIO 109
BIO 109 Exam 2 with Verified Answers 2026
Osteoclasts
cells that break down bone matrix
Osteoblasts
builds bone
Osteocytes
mature bone cells/ maintain bone
bones of skeleton
axial and appendicular skeleton
growth process of long bones
They grow primarily by elongation of the diaphysis, with an epiphysis at each
end of the growing bone. The ends of epiphyses are covered with hyaline
cartilage ("articular cartilage"). The longitudinal growth of long bones is a
result of endochondral ossification at the epiphyseal plate.
compact bone
Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone
(mostly solid matrix and cells)
cancellous bone
spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone (lacy network of
bone with many small spaces that are filled with marrow)
attachment site
prominite projections
Bone processes/projections
-In anatomy, a process is a projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger
body. For instance, in a vertebra, a process may serve for muscle attachment
and leverage, or to fit, with another vertebra.
BIO 109
, BIO 109
-A projection is an area of a bone that projects above the surface of the
bone.
what sutures make up the vertebral column?
lambdoidal suture, coronal suture, sagittal suture, squamous sutures
What are the differences in the male and female pelvis?
Male sub pubic angle is less that 90 degrees and female Is greater than 90
degrees
Flexion
bending a joint
Extention
Straightening of a joint
Supination
movement that turns the palm up
Pronation
turning the palm downward
long bones
bones of the arms and legs/bones that are longer than they are wide
short bones
carpals and tarsals/bones of the wrist and ankles
flat bones
These bones are thin, flat, and curved. They form the ribs, breastbone, and
skull.
irregular bones
bones of the vertebrae and face
Lambdoidal suture)
BIO 109
