BIO 109
BIO 109 - ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2026
Anatomy
Scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body
Systemic anatomy
The study of the body by organ systems
Reginal anatomy
Study of body by areas
Surface anatomy
Study of body by external features (most commonly used in class)
Physiology
Deals with the process or function of living things
Structure determines...
... Function
Cell
The basic unit of structure and function in living things
Tissue
Formed from assemblage of cells and surrounding materials
Organ system
Group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions
Organ
Different tissues combined
BIO 109
,BIO 109
What are the characteristics of life?
Organization, metabolism, responsiveness, growth, development,
reproduction
Homeostasis
The existence and maintenance of a relatively stable environment within
the body
Coronal plane
Divides body into anterior and posterior (front and back)
Sagittal plane
Divides body into left and right
Transverse plane
Divides body into superior and inferior portions (upper and lower)
Atom
Smallest particle of an element
Element
The simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties
Atomic structure
Electron on outer shell, neutron and proton in center, nucleus
Isotope
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
Energy
The capacity to do work
Potential energy
BIO 109
, BIO 109
Stored energy
Kinetic energy
Energy of motion
Activation energy
The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
The rate of a chemical reaction depends on
Type of reactant, temperature, concentration ,particle size, and the use of
a catalyst
Chemical bonding occurs when...
Outermost electrons are shared or transferred between atoms
Ionic bond
Electrons are lost or gained
Covalent bond
Electrons are shared
Nonpolar covalent bond
Electrons are shared equally
Polar covalent bond
Unequal sharing of electrons
Hydrogen bond
Water; attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly
negative atom.
Molecule
Two or more atoms chemically bonded together
BIO 109
BIO 109 - ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2026
Anatomy
Scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body
Systemic anatomy
The study of the body by organ systems
Reginal anatomy
Study of body by areas
Surface anatomy
Study of body by external features (most commonly used in class)
Physiology
Deals with the process or function of living things
Structure determines...
... Function
Cell
The basic unit of structure and function in living things
Tissue
Formed from assemblage of cells and surrounding materials
Organ system
Group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions
Organ
Different tissues combined
BIO 109
,BIO 109
What are the characteristics of life?
Organization, metabolism, responsiveness, growth, development,
reproduction
Homeostasis
The existence and maintenance of a relatively stable environment within
the body
Coronal plane
Divides body into anterior and posterior (front and back)
Sagittal plane
Divides body into left and right
Transverse plane
Divides body into superior and inferior portions (upper and lower)
Atom
Smallest particle of an element
Element
The simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties
Atomic structure
Electron on outer shell, neutron and proton in center, nucleus
Isotope
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
Energy
The capacity to do work
Potential energy
BIO 109
, BIO 109
Stored energy
Kinetic energy
Energy of motion
Activation energy
The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
The rate of a chemical reaction depends on
Type of reactant, temperature, concentration ,particle size, and the use of
a catalyst
Chemical bonding occurs when...
Outermost electrons are shared or transferred between atoms
Ionic bond
Electrons are lost or gained
Covalent bond
Electrons are shared
Nonpolar covalent bond
Electrons are shared equally
Polar covalent bond
Unequal sharing of electrons
Hydrogen bond
Water; attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly
negative atom.
Molecule
Two or more atoms chemically bonded together
BIO 109
