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Which blood cell helps to buffer pH?
Erythrocytes
In the early embryonic period, where does erythropoiesis occur?
The yolk sac
In the middle trimesters where does erythropoiesis occur?
Liver
In the last months of gestation where does erythropoiesis occur?
Bone marrow
After 30 years old, what are the 3 main bones that still produce RBC's?
Vertebra, sternum, and ribs
,The ortho-chromatic erythroblast becomes enucleated and becomes a ___
reticulocyte
The presence of ___ in a blood sample shows that bone marrow is working and
producing new RBC's
reticulocytes
How long does an erythrocyte last in circulation?
120 days
How many RBCs are in circulation?
25-30 trillion
Where are old RBCs broken down?
Spleen
Older cells are more fragile and ___ breaks down which causes RBCs to rupture
when passing through the tight capillaries of the spleen
spectrin
Porphyrin converted to ___ in the liver
bilirubin
, RBC's are broken down into what components?
Porphyrin, iron, and amino acids from globin
Where is most of the erythropoietin produced?
Kidney (90%) and the rest in the liver
___ increases the number of erythroblasts and stimulates red bone marrow to
increase rate of cell division
Erythropoiesis
What are the general factors needed for erythropoiesis?
Erythropoetin, thryoxine, and Vitamin B, C, D, and E
What factors are needed for maturation during erythropoiesis?
Vitamin B12, intrinsic factor, and folate (B9)
What are the hemoglobin formation factors needed for erythropoiesis?
Proteins, amino acids (globin), iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, Vitamin C, B2, B3, and
B6
What inhibits the production of erythropoietin?
Blood transfusion