Immune and Hematological Disorders- CMSRN || 100% Verified
Answers.
First line
• Physical & chemical barriers
• Cough reflex
• Peristalsis
Second line
• Inflammatory response to injury, local
effects, systemic effects
Third line
• Immune response correct answers Immune Defenses
Examples of Active Acquired Immunity? correct answers Infection
Immunizations
Examples of Passive Acquired Immunity? correct answers Maternal Antibodies
Monoclonal Antibodies
Progressive compromise of immune system
• Stage 1 - acute HIV infection
• Very contagious - large
amount of virus in blood
• Flu-like sx develop 2-4
weeks after initial
infection correct answers HIV
Progressive compromise of immune system
• Stage 2 - clinical latency
• Asymptomatic or chronic infection
• May last years
• CD4T cells decline significantly at end of stage & viral loads increase correct answers
With stage 2 HIV...
CD4T cells __________
while viral loads ____________ correct answers Decrease
Increase
• Stage 3 - AIDS
• Immune system severely compromised - CD4T cells < 200 cells/mm3
• Opportunistic infections develop
• High viral load - very infectious correct answers Stage 3- AIDS w/ HIV
HIV infection + CD4+ T cell count < 200 cells/mm3
, or • 1+ AIDS-defining conditions
Incubation: 6-10 months
Effects:
Decreased immune response
Opportunisitc Infections correct answers AIDS
• Viral infections: CMV, HSV
• Protozoal infections: pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis
• Bacterial infections: myobacterium avium-intracellulare infection, mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Fungal infections: candidiasis, cryptococcosis
• Neoplasms: Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
• Wasting syndrome` correct answers AIDS Indicator Conditions
No cure
• Immediate ART: usually 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in combination
w/3rd from another drug class
• PrEP: tenofovir + emtricitabine (Truvada) give to those at high risk for contracting HIV
• PEP: emergency situations; start w/in 72 h of exposure; take daily or BID x28d
• ART: take for life; can control virus/slow progression correct answers HIV/Aids Treatment
tenofovir + emtricitabine (Truvada) give to those at high risk for contracting HIV "Pre exposure:
correct answers PrEP
Emergency situations; start w/in 72 h of exposure; take daily or BID x28d "Post exposure"
correct answers PEP
: take for life; can control virus/slow progression correct answers ART
Adherence - take meds as prescribed
• Avoid exposure to infections
• Adequate nutrition
Prevent contracting/spreading
• Abstinence
• Limit sexual partners
• Condom use
• Never share needles
• Avoid alcohol, smoking, illicit drugs
Routine medical care & follow-up
Long-term effects of HIV/AIDS
• AIDS-related dementia
• AIDS-wasting syndrome
Answers.
First line
• Physical & chemical barriers
• Cough reflex
• Peristalsis
Second line
• Inflammatory response to injury, local
effects, systemic effects
Third line
• Immune response correct answers Immune Defenses
Examples of Active Acquired Immunity? correct answers Infection
Immunizations
Examples of Passive Acquired Immunity? correct answers Maternal Antibodies
Monoclonal Antibodies
Progressive compromise of immune system
• Stage 1 - acute HIV infection
• Very contagious - large
amount of virus in blood
• Flu-like sx develop 2-4
weeks after initial
infection correct answers HIV
Progressive compromise of immune system
• Stage 2 - clinical latency
• Asymptomatic or chronic infection
• May last years
• CD4T cells decline significantly at end of stage & viral loads increase correct answers
With stage 2 HIV...
CD4T cells __________
while viral loads ____________ correct answers Decrease
Increase
• Stage 3 - AIDS
• Immune system severely compromised - CD4T cells < 200 cells/mm3
• Opportunistic infections develop
• High viral load - very infectious correct answers Stage 3- AIDS w/ HIV
HIV infection + CD4+ T cell count < 200 cells/mm3
, or • 1+ AIDS-defining conditions
Incubation: 6-10 months
Effects:
Decreased immune response
Opportunisitc Infections correct answers AIDS
• Viral infections: CMV, HSV
• Protozoal infections: pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis
• Bacterial infections: myobacterium avium-intracellulare infection, mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Fungal infections: candidiasis, cryptococcosis
• Neoplasms: Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
• Wasting syndrome` correct answers AIDS Indicator Conditions
No cure
• Immediate ART: usually 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in combination
w/3rd from another drug class
• PrEP: tenofovir + emtricitabine (Truvada) give to those at high risk for contracting HIV
• PEP: emergency situations; start w/in 72 h of exposure; take daily or BID x28d
• ART: take for life; can control virus/slow progression correct answers HIV/Aids Treatment
tenofovir + emtricitabine (Truvada) give to those at high risk for contracting HIV "Pre exposure:
correct answers PrEP
Emergency situations; start w/in 72 h of exposure; take daily or BID x28d "Post exposure"
correct answers PEP
: take for life; can control virus/slow progression correct answers ART
Adherence - take meds as prescribed
• Avoid exposure to infections
• Adequate nutrition
Prevent contracting/spreading
• Abstinence
• Limit sexual partners
• Condom use
• Never share needles
• Avoid alcohol, smoking, illicit drugs
Routine medical care & follow-up
Long-term effects of HIV/AIDS
• AIDS-related dementia
• AIDS-wasting syndrome
