PCB 3043: Exam 1 || 100% Accurate Solutions.
Ecology correct answers The scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their
environment
John Graunt correct answers Used simple mathematical populations to demonstrate that
populations are limited and cannot grow without restriction
Two Laws of Population Growth: correct answers 1. Populations have the potential to grow
rapidly
2. They can't grow forever at high rates. Populations must be regulated such that rapid growth is
limited phenomenon
Sir Ronald Ross correct answers Worked as a military physician in India, demonstrated the
malarial oocysts in the gut tissue of female Anopheles mosquito
Doubling time correct answers The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a
constant rate of natural increase
Population correct answers A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the
same area
Growth rate equation correct answers Birth rate - Death rate
Demography correct answers The study of the age structure and growth rate of populations
Density correct answers The number of individuals in relation to the space or volume in which
they occur
Distribution correct answers The geographic and ecological range of a population
Dispersion correct answers The spacing of individuals with respect to one another
Mark-recapture method correct answers A sampling technique used to estimate wildlife
populations; individuals (numbering M) are captured, marked, and released;
we assume that they mix freely and completely with the rest of the population; then we capture
some individuals again, count the total number of individuals caught (n) and the number of those
that were marked previously (x)
Estimated population size correct answers N=nM/x; #marked/total number= #marked in
resample/#resampled
Population pyramids correct answers Show the number of individuals (or percent in different age
classes) going up and down, with males on the left and females on the right
, Per-capita rate correct answers Per individual rate
Per-capita birth rate (b) correct answers The probability of an individual having offspring during
some time period
Per-capita death rate correct answers The probability of an individual dying in a specified period
of time
dN/dt correct answers Population growth rate = population births - population deaths (bN-dN);
change in population size/change in time; N(b-d) or rN
What does r equal when the population is increasing? correct answers Positive
What does r equal when the population is decreasing? correct answers Negative
What does r equal when the population is stable? correct answers 0
Fecundity correct answers Reproductive output under ideal conditions, limited by genetics, not
the environment
Fertility correct answers The actual reproduction in a given environment. Note that it must be
less or equal to the fecundity
Immigration rate correct answers Number of individuals that join the population per unit time
Emigration rate correct answers Number of individuals that leave the population per unit time
Rate of population change per capita (per individual) correct answers r = births - deaths +
immigration - emigration
Exponential growth equation correct answers r or R sub 0 must be constant and either positive
(slopes up) or negative (slopes down)
Discrete growth correct answers All individuals pass through life stages at the same time, often
common in organisms affected by seasons; Nt+1 = Nt x R0
Continuous growth correct answers Individuals in a population are relatively independent in
terms of when they are born, reproduce, and die. This results in overlapping generations
Continuous exponential growth rate correct answers Nt = N0^ert or dN/dt = rN
Discrete exponential population growth rate correct answers Nt = N0 x R0^t
Per-capita growth equation correct answers (1/N) x (dN/dt) = r
Ecology correct answers The scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their
environment
John Graunt correct answers Used simple mathematical populations to demonstrate that
populations are limited and cannot grow without restriction
Two Laws of Population Growth: correct answers 1. Populations have the potential to grow
rapidly
2. They can't grow forever at high rates. Populations must be regulated such that rapid growth is
limited phenomenon
Sir Ronald Ross correct answers Worked as a military physician in India, demonstrated the
malarial oocysts in the gut tissue of female Anopheles mosquito
Doubling time correct answers The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a
constant rate of natural increase
Population correct answers A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the
same area
Growth rate equation correct answers Birth rate - Death rate
Demography correct answers The study of the age structure and growth rate of populations
Density correct answers The number of individuals in relation to the space or volume in which
they occur
Distribution correct answers The geographic and ecological range of a population
Dispersion correct answers The spacing of individuals with respect to one another
Mark-recapture method correct answers A sampling technique used to estimate wildlife
populations; individuals (numbering M) are captured, marked, and released;
we assume that they mix freely and completely with the rest of the population; then we capture
some individuals again, count the total number of individuals caught (n) and the number of those
that were marked previously (x)
Estimated population size correct answers N=nM/x; #marked/total number= #marked in
resample/#resampled
Population pyramids correct answers Show the number of individuals (or percent in different age
classes) going up and down, with males on the left and females on the right
, Per-capita rate correct answers Per individual rate
Per-capita birth rate (b) correct answers The probability of an individual having offspring during
some time period
Per-capita death rate correct answers The probability of an individual dying in a specified period
of time
dN/dt correct answers Population growth rate = population births - population deaths (bN-dN);
change in population size/change in time; N(b-d) or rN
What does r equal when the population is increasing? correct answers Positive
What does r equal when the population is decreasing? correct answers Negative
What does r equal when the population is stable? correct answers 0
Fecundity correct answers Reproductive output under ideal conditions, limited by genetics, not
the environment
Fertility correct answers The actual reproduction in a given environment. Note that it must be
less or equal to the fecundity
Immigration rate correct answers Number of individuals that join the population per unit time
Emigration rate correct answers Number of individuals that leave the population per unit time
Rate of population change per capita (per individual) correct answers r = births - deaths +
immigration - emigration
Exponential growth equation correct answers r or R sub 0 must be constant and either positive
(slopes up) or negative (slopes down)
Discrete growth correct answers All individuals pass through life stages at the same time, often
common in organisms affected by seasons; Nt+1 = Nt x R0
Continuous growth correct answers Individuals in a population are relatively independent in
terms of when they are born, reproduce, and die. This results in overlapping generations
Continuous exponential growth rate correct answers Nt = N0^ert or dN/dt = rN
Discrete exponential population growth rate correct answers Nt = N0 x R0^t
Per-capita growth equation correct answers (1/N) x (dN/dt) = r
