BIOL 252: Human Anatomy &
Physiology II w/Lab Module 2 Practice
Exam: The Cardiovascular System 2026
latest!!!
Instructions: This exam covers the key topics of Module 2, including blood composition, the cardiac
cycle, blood vessels, and hemodynamics..answer key and rationales at the end
Exam Questions
1. Which of the following is NOT a primary function of blood?
a) Transport of hormones, nutrients, and wastes
b) Regulation of body temperature and pH
c) Generation of action potentials to stimulate muscle contraction
d) Protection against infection through leukocytes and antibodies
2. The normal pH range of human blood is:
a) 7.0-7.2
b) 7.35-7.45
c) 7.5-7.8
d) 6.8-7.0
3. The formed elements of blood include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Erythrocytes
b) Leukocytes
c) Albumins
d) Thrombocytes
4. A hematocrit test measures the percentage of:
a) White blood cells in whole blood
b) Plasma in whole blood
c) Red blood cells in whole blood
d) All formed elements in whole blood
5. The most abundant plasma protein, which plays a major role in maintaining osmotic pressure, is:
a) Fibrinogen
b) Albumin
,c) Globulin
d) Prothrombin
6. Which plasma protein is essential for blood clotting?
a) Albumin
b) Alpha-globulin
c) Gamma-globulin
d) Fibrinogen
7. The biconcave disc shape of an erythrocyte is important because it:
a) Allows the cell to multiply rapidly.
b) Prevents the cell from carrying hemoglobin.
c) Increases the surface area for gas diffusion and allows for stacking in vessels.
d) Contains a large nucleus for protein synthesis.
8. A mature human erythrocyte lacks which of the following?
a) Hemoglobin
b) A cell membrane
c) A nucleus and organelles
d) Cytoplasm
9. The protein found in red blood cells that reversibly binds to oxygen is:
a) Fibrin
b) Hemoglobin
c) Myoglobin
d) Heparin
10. The process of red blood cell production is called:
a) Hemostasis
b) Erythropoiesis
c) Phagocytosis
d) Fibrinolysis
11. The hormone that stimulates erythrocyte production in response to low oxygen levels is:
a) Renin
b) Aldosterone
c) Erythropoietin (EPO)
d) Thrombopoietin
12. What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell?
a) 24 hours
b) 1 week
c) 120 days
d) Several years
13. The breakdown of hemoglobin from old RBCs yields bilirubin. Where is bilirubin ultimately
excreted?
a) Lungs
, b) Kidneys (in urine)
c) Liver (in bile)
d) Skin (in sweat)
14. A low red blood cell count or low hemoglobin count is characteristic of:
a) Polycythemia
b) Leukopenia
c) Anemia
d) Thrombocytosis
15. An individual with type A blood has which of the following?
a) A antigens on their RBCs and anti-A antibodies in their plasma
b) A antigens on their RBCs and anti-B antibodies in their plasma
c) B antigens on their RBCs and anti-A antibodies in their plasma
d) A and B antigens on their RBCs and no antibodies in their plasma
16. A person with type O blood is considered a universal donor because:
a) They have both A and B antigens on their RBCs.
b) They have no A or B antigens on their RBCs.
c) They have both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma.
d) They are Rh positive.
17. An Rh-negative individual:
a) Naturally possesses anti-Rh antibodies at birth.
b) Will only produce anti-Rh antibodies if exposed to Rh-positive blood.
c) Can never receive Rh-positive blood, even once.
d) Is the most common blood type in the population.
18. During a blood transfusion, if a recipient with anti-A antibodies receives type A blood, what is the
most likely immediate consequence?
a) The recipient will develop a mild fever.
b) The donated RBCs will agglutinate (clump).
c) The recipient's antibodies will be neutralized.
d) The donated blood will be accepted without issue.
19. The most numerous type of white blood cell in a healthy adult is the:
a) Lymphocyte
b) Monocyte
c) Eosinophil
d) Neutrophil
20. Which leukocyte is a granulocyte that stains with basic dyes, releases histamine, and is involved in
allergic reactions?
a) Neutrophil
b) Eosinophil
c) Basophil
d) Monocyte
Physiology II w/Lab Module 2 Practice
Exam: The Cardiovascular System 2026
latest!!!
Instructions: This exam covers the key topics of Module 2, including blood composition, the cardiac
cycle, blood vessels, and hemodynamics..answer key and rationales at the end
Exam Questions
1. Which of the following is NOT a primary function of blood?
a) Transport of hormones, nutrients, and wastes
b) Regulation of body temperature and pH
c) Generation of action potentials to stimulate muscle contraction
d) Protection against infection through leukocytes and antibodies
2. The normal pH range of human blood is:
a) 7.0-7.2
b) 7.35-7.45
c) 7.5-7.8
d) 6.8-7.0
3. The formed elements of blood include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Erythrocytes
b) Leukocytes
c) Albumins
d) Thrombocytes
4. A hematocrit test measures the percentage of:
a) White blood cells in whole blood
b) Plasma in whole blood
c) Red blood cells in whole blood
d) All formed elements in whole blood
5. The most abundant plasma protein, which plays a major role in maintaining osmotic pressure, is:
a) Fibrinogen
b) Albumin
,c) Globulin
d) Prothrombin
6. Which plasma protein is essential for blood clotting?
a) Albumin
b) Alpha-globulin
c) Gamma-globulin
d) Fibrinogen
7. The biconcave disc shape of an erythrocyte is important because it:
a) Allows the cell to multiply rapidly.
b) Prevents the cell from carrying hemoglobin.
c) Increases the surface area for gas diffusion and allows for stacking in vessels.
d) Contains a large nucleus for protein synthesis.
8. A mature human erythrocyte lacks which of the following?
a) Hemoglobin
b) A cell membrane
c) A nucleus and organelles
d) Cytoplasm
9. The protein found in red blood cells that reversibly binds to oxygen is:
a) Fibrin
b) Hemoglobin
c) Myoglobin
d) Heparin
10. The process of red blood cell production is called:
a) Hemostasis
b) Erythropoiesis
c) Phagocytosis
d) Fibrinolysis
11. The hormone that stimulates erythrocyte production in response to low oxygen levels is:
a) Renin
b) Aldosterone
c) Erythropoietin (EPO)
d) Thrombopoietin
12. What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell?
a) 24 hours
b) 1 week
c) 120 days
d) Several years
13. The breakdown of hemoglobin from old RBCs yields bilirubin. Where is bilirubin ultimately
excreted?
a) Lungs
, b) Kidneys (in urine)
c) Liver (in bile)
d) Skin (in sweat)
14. A low red blood cell count or low hemoglobin count is characteristic of:
a) Polycythemia
b) Leukopenia
c) Anemia
d) Thrombocytosis
15. An individual with type A blood has which of the following?
a) A antigens on their RBCs and anti-A antibodies in their plasma
b) A antigens on their RBCs and anti-B antibodies in their plasma
c) B antigens on their RBCs and anti-A antibodies in their plasma
d) A and B antigens on their RBCs and no antibodies in their plasma
16. A person with type O blood is considered a universal donor because:
a) They have both A and B antigens on their RBCs.
b) They have no A or B antigens on their RBCs.
c) They have both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma.
d) They are Rh positive.
17. An Rh-negative individual:
a) Naturally possesses anti-Rh antibodies at birth.
b) Will only produce anti-Rh antibodies if exposed to Rh-positive blood.
c) Can never receive Rh-positive blood, even once.
d) Is the most common blood type in the population.
18. During a blood transfusion, if a recipient with anti-A antibodies receives type A blood, what is the
most likely immediate consequence?
a) The recipient will develop a mild fever.
b) The donated RBCs will agglutinate (clump).
c) The recipient's antibodies will be neutralized.
d) The donated blood will be accepted without issue.
19. The most numerous type of white blood cell in a healthy adult is the:
a) Lymphocyte
b) Monocyte
c) Eosinophil
d) Neutrophil
20. Which leukocyte is a granulocyte that stains with basic dyes, releases histamine, and is involved in
allergic reactions?
a) Neutrophil
b) Eosinophil
c) Basophil
d) Monocyte
