Exam 2026-2027 Actual Complete Real Exam Questions
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What is the source of the extra chromosome 21 in an
individual with Down syndrome?
a) nondisjunction in the mother only
b) nondisjunction in the father only
c) duplication of the chromosome
d) nondisjunction or translocation in either parent
e) it is impossible to detect with current technology - ANSWER
-nondisjunction
or translocation in either
parent
At a specific area of a chromosome, the sequence of
nucleotides below is resent where the chain opens to form a
replication fork: 3' C C T A G G C T G C A A T C C 5'. An RNA
primer is formed starting at the underlined T (T) of the
template. Which of the following represents the primer
sequence? a) 5' G C C T A G G 3'
b) 3' G C C T A G G 5'
c) 5' A C G T Y A G G 3'
d) 5' A C G U U A G G 3'
c) 5' G C C U A G G 3' - ANSWER -d) 5' A C G U U A G G 3'
, What is the effect of a nonsense mutation in
a gene? a) it changes an amino acid in the
encoded protein
b) it has no effect on the amino acid sequence of the encoded
protein
c) it introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA
d) it alters the reading frame of the mRNA
e) it prevents introns from being excised - ANSWER -it
introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA
Which of the following is the meaning of the chromosome
theory of inheritance as expressed in the early 20th century?
a) individuals inherit particular chromosomes attached to
genes
b) mendelian genes are at specific loci on the chromosome and
in turn segregate during meiosis
c) homologous chromosomes give rise to some genes and
crossover chromosomes to other genes
d) no more than a single pair of chromosomes can be found in
a healthy normal cell
e) natural selection acts on certain chromosome arrays rather
than on genes - ANSWER -b) mendelian genes are at specific
loci on the chromosome and in turn segregate during
meiosis
When Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed his red-eyed F1
generation flies to each other, the F2 generation included both
red- and white-eyed flies. Remarkably, all the white-eyed flies