UCLA Ling 1 Final EXAM Questions & Answers,
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Terms in this set (93)
language as a TOOL Speakers encode meanings into sounds,
Listeners decode speech sounds (or hand
shapes) into meaning
language as a type of You have a finite set of building blocks and rules.
KNOWLEDGE You know how to use them.
This is unconscious knowledge.
You understand the inventory of sounds in your
language: Phonetics.
You understand the sound patterns in your
language, what sequences are possible:
Phonology.
lexicon your mental dictionary,
you know words that are not in any written
dictionary, and may never be
morphology the "rules" that allow you construct words
syntax How to build good PHRASES and SENTENCES
semantics Meanings of words and how to use them
,Education? Being a fully competent native speaker of a
language is independent of educational level.
Being more (or less) educated does not make a
person a "better" (or "worse") native speaker.
linguistic competence What you know in your mind
What you can do
Systematic
linguistic performance What actually comes out of your mouth
What you do do
Subject to physical limitations such as breath,
fatigue, nerves, etc.
Slips of the Tongue are performance errors.
Features of Language 1. Arbitrariness: The relationship between a word
and its meaning is arbitrary. (This is why the
sounds used to name the same object vary
across languages.)
2. Creativity: Speakers use a finite set of building
blocks and rules to create and understand an
infinite set of novel sentences. (Sentences cannot
simply be memorized or learned by imitation.)
Creativity is a universal property of human
language.
, Language Universals -All languages have ways of forming questions.
-All languages have means for negating an
utterance.
-All languages have means for indicating when an
action takes place.
-All languages possess a set of discrete sounds
(or gestures).
-All languages permit displacement—the ability
the talk about things other than the here and now.
-All languages exhibit stimulus-freedom, the
ability to say anything at all—including nothing—in
any circumstances.
descriptive grammar linguist's description or model of the mental
grammar
What speaker's rules actually are
speaker's grammar
linguist's grammar
prescriptive grammar rules of grammar (often based on Latin) used by
teachers
What speaker's rules should be
lateralization language is "lateralized" to the left hemisphere
Without access to the left cerebral hemisphere,
normal language processing cannot occur.
Dichotic Listening Tests Different sounds are played in both ears
Subject reports hearing only one
Sound from right ear is almost always reported
Conclusion: at least auditory processing of
language seems to be in the left hemisphere
Well Elaborated | Already Verified Test |100%
Verified solutions | Latest!!
Save
Terms in this set (93)
language as a TOOL Speakers encode meanings into sounds,
Listeners decode speech sounds (or hand
shapes) into meaning
language as a type of You have a finite set of building blocks and rules.
KNOWLEDGE You know how to use them.
This is unconscious knowledge.
You understand the inventory of sounds in your
language: Phonetics.
You understand the sound patterns in your
language, what sequences are possible:
Phonology.
lexicon your mental dictionary,
you know words that are not in any written
dictionary, and may never be
morphology the "rules" that allow you construct words
syntax How to build good PHRASES and SENTENCES
semantics Meanings of words and how to use them
,Education? Being a fully competent native speaker of a
language is independent of educational level.
Being more (or less) educated does not make a
person a "better" (or "worse") native speaker.
linguistic competence What you know in your mind
What you can do
Systematic
linguistic performance What actually comes out of your mouth
What you do do
Subject to physical limitations such as breath,
fatigue, nerves, etc.
Slips of the Tongue are performance errors.
Features of Language 1. Arbitrariness: The relationship between a word
and its meaning is arbitrary. (This is why the
sounds used to name the same object vary
across languages.)
2. Creativity: Speakers use a finite set of building
blocks and rules to create and understand an
infinite set of novel sentences. (Sentences cannot
simply be memorized or learned by imitation.)
Creativity is a universal property of human
language.
, Language Universals -All languages have ways of forming questions.
-All languages have means for negating an
utterance.
-All languages have means for indicating when an
action takes place.
-All languages possess a set of discrete sounds
(or gestures).
-All languages permit displacement—the ability
the talk about things other than the here and now.
-All languages exhibit stimulus-freedom, the
ability to say anything at all—including nothing—in
any circumstances.
descriptive grammar linguist's description or model of the mental
grammar
What speaker's rules actually are
speaker's grammar
linguist's grammar
prescriptive grammar rules of grammar (often based on Latin) used by
teachers
What speaker's rules should be
lateralization language is "lateralized" to the left hemisphere
Without access to the left cerebral hemisphere,
normal language processing cannot occur.
Dichotic Listening Tests Different sounds are played in both ears
Subject reports hearing only one
Sound from right ear is almost always reported
Conclusion: at least auditory processing of
language seems to be in the left hemisphere
