DE MENS 2
Samenvatting hoorcolleges
4 FEBRUARI 2021
MONDZORGKUNDE PROPEDEUSE
Lieke van Vliet
,Inhoud
Hoorcollege 1 Introductie en lipiden....................................................................................... 5
Naamgeving (on)verzadigde vetzuren ............................................................................... 6
Vetzuren in het algemeen (menselijk lichaam) ................................................................... 7
Essentiële (onverzadigde) vetzuren................................................................................ 7
Glycerol ............................................................................................................................. 8
Lipiden ............................................................................................................................... 8
Enkelvoudige lipiden: ..................................................................................................... 9
Samengestelde lipiden (geconjugeerd) .......................................................................... 9
Afgeleide lipiden of isoprenoiden (hoeven we niet te kennen) .......................................10
Vertering voedingsvetten ..................................................................................................10
Lipiden van de gebitselementen .......................................................................................10
Kahoot vragen ..................................................................................................................11
Hoorcollege 2 Dissimilatie ....................................................................................................12
Anaerobe dissimilatie 1.0 ..................................................................................................12
Afbraak en opname...........................................................................................................12
Cel metabolisme ...............................................................................................................12
Fosfaat batterij ..................................................................................................................13
Elektronen dragers ...........................................................................................................13
Waar komt de energie vandaan? ......................................................................................13
Afbraak glucose ................................................................................................................13
Stap 1 Glycolyse ...............................................................................................................14
Aerobe dissimilatie ............................................................................................................16
Decarboxylering ................................................................................................................16
Stap 2 Citroenzuurcyclus ..................................................................................................16
Stap 3 Ademhalingsketen .................................................................................................17
Anaerobe dissimilatie 2.0 ..................................................................................................17
Korte samenvatting ...........................................................................................................18
Afbraak van eiwitten en vetten ..........................................................................................19
Energiesystemen ..............................................................................................................19
Kahoot vragen ..................................................................................................................19
Hoorcollege 3 Assimilatie .....................................................................................................20
Anabolisme .......................................................................................................................20
Energie omzetting .............................................................................................................20
Organisme ........................................................................................................................20
Koolstof assimilatie ...........................................................................................................21
Fotosynthese ....................................................................................................................21
1
, Niet-cyclische foto-fosforylatie ..........................................................................................21
Cyclische foto-fosforylatie .................................................................................................22
Donkerreactie (synthese) ..................................................................................................22
Ademhalingsketen (HC2) ..................................................................................................23
Chemosynthese ................................................................................................................23
Kahoot vragen ..................................................................................................................23
Hoorcollege 4 Enzymen .......................................................................................................24
Reacties............................................................................................................................24
Endergonisch (endotherm) ............................................................................................24
Exergone reacties .........................................................................................................24
Reactiesnelheid ................................................................................................................25
Katalysatoren ....................................................................................................................26
Enzymen...........................................................................................................................26
Enzymactiviteit ..............................................................................................................27
Kahoot vragen ..................................................................................................................29
Hoorcollege 5 Dikke darm, alvleesklier en de lever ..............................................................30
Dikke darm .......................................................................................................................30
Anatomie dikke darm .....................................................................................................30
Functies van de dikke darm ...........................................................................................31
Functies colon ...............................................................................................................31
Darmflora ..........................................................................................................................31
Functie rectum en anus ....................................................................................................31
Coloscopie ....................................................................................................................32
Pancreas ..........................................................................................................................32
Pancreas als exocriene klier (98% van de pancreas) ....................................................32
Pancreas als endocriene klier (2% van de pancreas) ....................................................33
Hepar ................................................................................................................................35
Bouw van de lever .........................................................................................................35
Suikerstofwisseling ........................................................................................................36
Vetstofwisseling.............................................................................................................36
Eiwitstofwisseling ..........................................................................................................37
Ontgiften .......................................................................................................................37
Galproductie ..................................................................................................................38
Opslag...........................................................................................................................38
Warmteproductie ...........................................................................................................38
Levercirrose ......................................................................................................................38
Kahoot vragen ..................................................................................................................39
2
,H6 Uitscheiding ....................................................................................................................40
Werking van de nieren ......................................................................................................40
Macroscopische bouw van de nieren ................................................................................41
Toevoer en afvoer nier ..................................................................................................41
Microscopische bouw nefron.............................................................................................41
Kapsel van Bowman .....................................................................................................42
Ultrafiltratie ....................................................................................................................42
Terugresorptie (overal) ..................................................................................................43
Excretie (distale en proximale tubulus) ..........................................................................43
Terugresorptie & excretie ..............................................................................................43
Afvoer infiltraat ..............................................................................................................44
Afvoer urine ...................................................................................................................44
Nierfunctie .....................................................................................................................45
Hormonen .........................................................................................................................45
Zuurgraad .........................................................................................................................46
Mictie ................................................................................................................................46
Kahoot vragen ..................................................................................................................47
H7 Ademhaling .....................................................................................................................48
Ademhalingsstelsel ...........................................................................................................48
Extern en intern milieu ......................................................................................................48
Luchtwegen ......................................................................................................................48
Onderdelen van de luchtwegen ........................................................................................49
Neusholte .........................................................................................................................49
Mondholte .........................................................................................................................49
Keelholte...........................................................................................................................50
Strottenhoofd ....................................................................................................................50
Stembanden .....................................................................................................................50
Luchtpijp ...........................................................................................................................50
Bronchiën .........................................................................................................................51
Longblaasjes.....................................................................................................................51
Gaswisseling.....................................................................................................................52
Belangrijke termen ............................................................................................................52
Functies van de longen .....................................................................................................53
Longvlies ..........................................................................................................................53
Klaplong ........................................................................................................................53
Inspiratie ...........................................................................................................................54
Diafragma......................................................................................................................54
3
, Ribben...........................................................................................................................54
Hulpademhalingsspieren ...............................................................................................54
Expiratie............................................................................................................................54
Geforceerde expiratie ....................................................................................................55
Longfunctie....................................................................................................................55
Longvolumes ....................................................................................................................55
Ademvolume (AV; TV) ...................................................................................................55
Inspiratoire reserve volume (IRV) ..................................................................................55
Expiratoire reserve volume (ERV) .................................................................................55
Residu volume (RV) ......................................................................................................56
Longcapaciteiten...............................................................................................................56
Inspiratoire capaciteit (IC) ..............................................................................................56
Functionele residulongcapaciteit (FRC) .........................................................................56
Vitale capaciteit (VC) .....................................................................................................56
Totale longcapaciteit (TLC) ...........................................................................................56
Ademminuut volume (AMV) ..............................................................................................56
Krachten die de ventilatie bewerkstelligen ........................................................................57
Druk-volume curve ........................................................................................................57
Zuurstofverbruik door ademspier ...................................................................................57
Gaswisseling .................................................................................................................57
Dode ruimte...................................................................................................................58
Diffusie..............................................................................................................................58
Diffusiesnelheid .............................................................................................................58
Gastransport .................................................................................................................58
Gastransport .....................................................................................................................59
Hypo- en hyperventilatie ................................................................................................59
Regulatie van de ademhaling ........................................................................................59
4
, Hoorcollege 1 Introductie en lipiden
Functie van vetten:
o Brandstof (leveren energie)
o Opslag energie (teveel aan glucose → glycogeen)
o Warmte isolator
o Schokdemper (om organen heen)
o Oplosmiddel vitamines (worden gekoppeld aan vetten)
o Model/stroomlijning
Wat zijn lipiden?
Elke vetachtige verbinding die één of meer lange apolaire
koolwaterstofstaarten bevat (koolwaterstofketens H-C-H)
Er is een Esther-binding ontstaan door condensatie reactie (water
afvoeren) vetzuur = koolwaterstofstaart
Het begin van deze koolwaterstofstaart heeft wel een reactieve groep, waar een
hydroxylgroep OH en een dubbel gebonden =O aan zitten (carboxylgroep). Deze kunnen
binden aan de alcohol waar het vetzuur aan gaat zitten.
Losse OH = carbonylgroep
Voorbeelden van lipiden:
• Dierlijke vetten (alcohol, glycerol, vetzuur)
• Plantaardige oliën (vloeibaar)
• Fosfolipiden (samengestelde lipiden)
o Cellen in het lichaam
o Inhoud blijft binnen
• Wassen (zachte vaste stof)
o Bladeren
Verschil tussen verzadigd en onverzadigd:
• Verzadigd; geen dubbele binding, ieder C heeft 2
H
• Onverzadigd; dubbele binding
Enkelvoudig onverzadigd: enkele dubbele binding
Meervoudig onverzadigd: meerdere dubbele bindingen
5
Samenvatting hoorcolleges
4 FEBRUARI 2021
MONDZORGKUNDE PROPEDEUSE
Lieke van Vliet
,Inhoud
Hoorcollege 1 Introductie en lipiden....................................................................................... 5
Naamgeving (on)verzadigde vetzuren ............................................................................... 6
Vetzuren in het algemeen (menselijk lichaam) ................................................................... 7
Essentiële (onverzadigde) vetzuren................................................................................ 7
Glycerol ............................................................................................................................. 8
Lipiden ............................................................................................................................... 8
Enkelvoudige lipiden: ..................................................................................................... 9
Samengestelde lipiden (geconjugeerd) .......................................................................... 9
Afgeleide lipiden of isoprenoiden (hoeven we niet te kennen) .......................................10
Vertering voedingsvetten ..................................................................................................10
Lipiden van de gebitselementen .......................................................................................10
Kahoot vragen ..................................................................................................................11
Hoorcollege 2 Dissimilatie ....................................................................................................12
Anaerobe dissimilatie 1.0 ..................................................................................................12
Afbraak en opname...........................................................................................................12
Cel metabolisme ...............................................................................................................12
Fosfaat batterij ..................................................................................................................13
Elektronen dragers ...........................................................................................................13
Waar komt de energie vandaan? ......................................................................................13
Afbraak glucose ................................................................................................................13
Stap 1 Glycolyse ...............................................................................................................14
Aerobe dissimilatie ............................................................................................................16
Decarboxylering ................................................................................................................16
Stap 2 Citroenzuurcyclus ..................................................................................................16
Stap 3 Ademhalingsketen .................................................................................................17
Anaerobe dissimilatie 2.0 ..................................................................................................17
Korte samenvatting ...........................................................................................................18
Afbraak van eiwitten en vetten ..........................................................................................19
Energiesystemen ..............................................................................................................19
Kahoot vragen ..................................................................................................................19
Hoorcollege 3 Assimilatie .....................................................................................................20
Anabolisme .......................................................................................................................20
Energie omzetting .............................................................................................................20
Organisme ........................................................................................................................20
Koolstof assimilatie ...........................................................................................................21
Fotosynthese ....................................................................................................................21
1
, Niet-cyclische foto-fosforylatie ..........................................................................................21
Cyclische foto-fosforylatie .................................................................................................22
Donkerreactie (synthese) ..................................................................................................22
Ademhalingsketen (HC2) ..................................................................................................23
Chemosynthese ................................................................................................................23
Kahoot vragen ..................................................................................................................23
Hoorcollege 4 Enzymen .......................................................................................................24
Reacties............................................................................................................................24
Endergonisch (endotherm) ............................................................................................24
Exergone reacties .........................................................................................................24
Reactiesnelheid ................................................................................................................25
Katalysatoren ....................................................................................................................26
Enzymen...........................................................................................................................26
Enzymactiviteit ..............................................................................................................27
Kahoot vragen ..................................................................................................................29
Hoorcollege 5 Dikke darm, alvleesklier en de lever ..............................................................30
Dikke darm .......................................................................................................................30
Anatomie dikke darm .....................................................................................................30
Functies van de dikke darm ...........................................................................................31
Functies colon ...............................................................................................................31
Darmflora ..........................................................................................................................31
Functie rectum en anus ....................................................................................................31
Coloscopie ....................................................................................................................32
Pancreas ..........................................................................................................................32
Pancreas als exocriene klier (98% van de pancreas) ....................................................32
Pancreas als endocriene klier (2% van de pancreas) ....................................................33
Hepar ................................................................................................................................35
Bouw van de lever .........................................................................................................35
Suikerstofwisseling ........................................................................................................36
Vetstofwisseling.............................................................................................................36
Eiwitstofwisseling ..........................................................................................................37
Ontgiften .......................................................................................................................37
Galproductie ..................................................................................................................38
Opslag...........................................................................................................................38
Warmteproductie ...........................................................................................................38
Levercirrose ......................................................................................................................38
Kahoot vragen ..................................................................................................................39
2
,H6 Uitscheiding ....................................................................................................................40
Werking van de nieren ......................................................................................................40
Macroscopische bouw van de nieren ................................................................................41
Toevoer en afvoer nier ..................................................................................................41
Microscopische bouw nefron.............................................................................................41
Kapsel van Bowman .....................................................................................................42
Ultrafiltratie ....................................................................................................................42
Terugresorptie (overal) ..................................................................................................43
Excretie (distale en proximale tubulus) ..........................................................................43
Terugresorptie & excretie ..............................................................................................43
Afvoer infiltraat ..............................................................................................................44
Afvoer urine ...................................................................................................................44
Nierfunctie .....................................................................................................................45
Hormonen .........................................................................................................................45
Zuurgraad .........................................................................................................................46
Mictie ................................................................................................................................46
Kahoot vragen ..................................................................................................................47
H7 Ademhaling .....................................................................................................................48
Ademhalingsstelsel ...........................................................................................................48
Extern en intern milieu ......................................................................................................48
Luchtwegen ......................................................................................................................48
Onderdelen van de luchtwegen ........................................................................................49
Neusholte .........................................................................................................................49
Mondholte .........................................................................................................................49
Keelholte...........................................................................................................................50
Strottenhoofd ....................................................................................................................50
Stembanden .....................................................................................................................50
Luchtpijp ...........................................................................................................................50
Bronchiën .........................................................................................................................51
Longblaasjes.....................................................................................................................51
Gaswisseling.....................................................................................................................52
Belangrijke termen ............................................................................................................52
Functies van de longen .....................................................................................................53
Longvlies ..........................................................................................................................53
Klaplong ........................................................................................................................53
Inspiratie ...........................................................................................................................54
Diafragma......................................................................................................................54
3
, Ribben...........................................................................................................................54
Hulpademhalingsspieren ...............................................................................................54
Expiratie............................................................................................................................54
Geforceerde expiratie ....................................................................................................55
Longfunctie....................................................................................................................55
Longvolumes ....................................................................................................................55
Ademvolume (AV; TV) ...................................................................................................55
Inspiratoire reserve volume (IRV) ..................................................................................55
Expiratoire reserve volume (ERV) .................................................................................55
Residu volume (RV) ......................................................................................................56
Longcapaciteiten...............................................................................................................56
Inspiratoire capaciteit (IC) ..............................................................................................56
Functionele residulongcapaciteit (FRC) .........................................................................56
Vitale capaciteit (VC) .....................................................................................................56
Totale longcapaciteit (TLC) ...........................................................................................56
Ademminuut volume (AMV) ..............................................................................................56
Krachten die de ventilatie bewerkstelligen ........................................................................57
Druk-volume curve ........................................................................................................57
Zuurstofverbruik door ademspier ...................................................................................57
Gaswisseling .................................................................................................................57
Dode ruimte...................................................................................................................58
Diffusie..............................................................................................................................58
Diffusiesnelheid .............................................................................................................58
Gastransport .................................................................................................................58
Gastransport .....................................................................................................................59
Hypo- en hyperventilatie ................................................................................................59
Regulatie van de ademhaling ........................................................................................59
4
, Hoorcollege 1 Introductie en lipiden
Functie van vetten:
o Brandstof (leveren energie)
o Opslag energie (teveel aan glucose → glycogeen)
o Warmte isolator
o Schokdemper (om organen heen)
o Oplosmiddel vitamines (worden gekoppeld aan vetten)
o Model/stroomlijning
Wat zijn lipiden?
Elke vetachtige verbinding die één of meer lange apolaire
koolwaterstofstaarten bevat (koolwaterstofketens H-C-H)
Er is een Esther-binding ontstaan door condensatie reactie (water
afvoeren) vetzuur = koolwaterstofstaart
Het begin van deze koolwaterstofstaart heeft wel een reactieve groep, waar een
hydroxylgroep OH en een dubbel gebonden =O aan zitten (carboxylgroep). Deze kunnen
binden aan de alcohol waar het vetzuur aan gaat zitten.
Losse OH = carbonylgroep
Voorbeelden van lipiden:
• Dierlijke vetten (alcohol, glycerol, vetzuur)
• Plantaardige oliën (vloeibaar)
• Fosfolipiden (samengestelde lipiden)
o Cellen in het lichaam
o Inhoud blijft binnen
• Wassen (zachte vaste stof)
o Bladeren
Verschil tussen verzadigd en onverzadigd:
• Verzadigd; geen dubbele binding, ieder C heeft 2
H
• Onverzadigd; dubbele binding
Enkelvoudig onverzadigd: enkele dubbele binding
Meervoudig onverzadigd: meerdere dubbele bindingen
5
