1880-1900: Native Americans
positive negative
land on reservations was impossible to cultivate due to the poor soil and
lack of water
harsh winters and droughts on reservations wiped out the cattle (buffalo)
that indians kept
government subsidies for reservations were cut at times when there were
other demands on federal funding
the code of religious offences 1883
outlawed most indian ceremonies
sioux burial practices, marriage practices (polygamy) and use of
intoxication substances became criminal acts
sun dance had to be carried out in hiding
courts were set up on reservations to ensure these regulations
were followed
elk vs wilkins 1884
ruled that no indian could get the franchise unless congress
explicitly allowed it
indians still faced discrimination if they tried to vote
us vs kagama 1886
affirmed the indian appropriations bill 1871
dawes act 1887 dawes act 1887
each head of the family was to receive 160 acres of indians felt that land that was rightfully theirs was being taken
farmland or 320 acres of grazing land for 25 years away
na’s were to have full ownership of the land after 25 indians didn’t trust the government as they had previously been
years promised land
na’s were granted full rights of citizenship indians would feel that congress are being quite forceful in trying
tribes tried to resist allotments and refused to to assimilate them
cooperate by hiding from enrolment parties any unallotted land was to be offered to white americans for
turned some na’s into landowners, meaning they settlement
could gain full rights of citizenship showed a lack of understanding of the importance of tribal culture
to indians
many indians didn’t adapt to this new system, ended up in debt
and had to sell their land to white settlers
1887- 150 million acres
1900- 78 million acres
1937- 48 million acres
women- previously had a matriarchal structure, lost their status
and the land was given to the male head of the family
ghost dance 1890 ghost dance 1890
indians believed that they could bring back their army commanders realised that sitting bull encouraged the ghost
siblings from the dead dance and sent reservation police to arrest him
showed resistance to the codes of religious offences
1883
wounded knee massacre 1890 wounded knee massacre 1890
indians did resist and attempted to fight back with big foot took his sioux tribe to red cloud’s pine ridge reservation
what weapons they still had met the 7th cavalry on the way, and the sioux tribe surrendered
their journey at wounded knee creek as big foot fell ill
soldiers ordered indians to give up their guns, but one refused, a
shot was heard and it was assumed it was from his gun
zoldiers returned the fire and many indians were badly wounded
or dead
curtis act 1898
proposed termination of the five civilised tribes to be self-
governing by 1906
positive negative
land on reservations was impossible to cultivate due to the poor soil and
lack of water
harsh winters and droughts on reservations wiped out the cattle (buffalo)
that indians kept
government subsidies for reservations were cut at times when there were
other demands on federal funding
the code of religious offences 1883
outlawed most indian ceremonies
sioux burial practices, marriage practices (polygamy) and use of
intoxication substances became criminal acts
sun dance had to be carried out in hiding
courts were set up on reservations to ensure these regulations
were followed
elk vs wilkins 1884
ruled that no indian could get the franchise unless congress
explicitly allowed it
indians still faced discrimination if they tried to vote
us vs kagama 1886
affirmed the indian appropriations bill 1871
dawes act 1887 dawes act 1887
each head of the family was to receive 160 acres of indians felt that land that was rightfully theirs was being taken
farmland or 320 acres of grazing land for 25 years away
na’s were to have full ownership of the land after 25 indians didn’t trust the government as they had previously been
years promised land
na’s were granted full rights of citizenship indians would feel that congress are being quite forceful in trying
tribes tried to resist allotments and refused to to assimilate them
cooperate by hiding from enrolment parties any unallotted land was to be offered to white americans for
turned some na’s into landowners, meaning they settlement
could gain full rights of citizenship showed a lack of understanding of the importance of tribal culture
to indians
many indians didn’t adapt to this new system, ended up in debt
and had to sell their land to white settlers
1887- 150 million acres
1900- 78 million acres
1937- 48 million acres
women- previously had a matriarchal structure, lost their status
and the land was given to the male head of the family
ghost dance 1890 ghost dance 1890
indians believed that they could bring back their army commanders realised that sitting bull encouraged the ghost
siblings from the dead dance and sent reservation police to arrest him
showed resistance to the codes of religious offences
1883
wounded knee massacre 1890 wounded knee massacre 1890
indians did resist and attempted to fight back with big foot took his sioux tribe to red cloud’s pine ridge reservation
what weapons they still had met the 7th cavalry on the way, and the sioux tribe surrendered
their journey at wounded knee creek as big foot fell ill
soldiers ordered indians to give up their guns, but one refused, a
shot was heard and it was assumed it was from his gun
zoldiers returned the fire and many indians were badly wounded
or dead
curtis act 1898
proposed termination of the five civilised tribes to be self-
governing by 1906
