Science Medicine
Patho 6030: Cell Biology, Fluid/Electrolytes, and Genetics Exam 100%
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Terms in this set (49)
a condition that is caused by a medical treatment. E.g. someone develops a blood
iatrogenic disease
clot after a bowel resection.
Herpes Zoster Oticus (Chicken Pox)
Mumps
Acquired Infections
Syphilis. Note: hospital acquired infections are also termed nosocomial infections.
These terms can be used interchangeably.
It mean "unknown" cause. E.g. A patient with pulmonary fibrosis with a unknown
Idiopathic infection cause. A patient diagnosed with pancreatitis but can not find the cause. This is called
Idiopathic.
A disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting. For e.g. A hospitalized patient
nosocomial infection
contracts respiratory MRSA. This is also called an acquired infection.
In medical diagnosis, test sensitivity is the ability
of a test to correctly identify those with the
disease (true positive rate), whereas test
Sensitivity, Specificity
specificity is the ability of the test to correctly
identify those without the disease (true negative
rate). See picture
The probability that a person with a positive test result has the disease in question. I
predictive value positive
am 98% positive that my positive strep test is accurate.
The probability that a person with a negative test result does not have the disease in
predictive value negative question. I am 90% positive my mammogram was an accurate negative (normal)
results. There is a 10% chance I could have an abnormal mammogram.
The number of people contracting a disease during a time period. E.g. What is the
incidence rate
risk of my friend contracting diabetes at any given time.
The number of individuals/unit who have disease at any one time. The total number
prevelance rate of cases. E.g. How many cases of diabetes are there in the United States. That is the
prevelance.
, This action potential is when the resting Depolarization: The process during the action potential when sodium is rushing into
negative moves to a positive. the cell causing the interior to become more positive. From negative to positive
This action potential is the relaxation Repolarization refers to the change in membrane potential that returns it to a
portion changing from a positive back to a negative value just after the depolarization phase of an action potential.
negative value.
repolarization phase-part 2-what role dose Ca2+ channels close, K+ channels open, rapid diffusion of K+ out of cell returns it to
calcium, potassium have in repolarization? resting potential
Interpret the ABG's pH 7.60, pCO2 39, Metabolic alkalosis (pH is high-alkalosis), (HCO3 high-metabolic). Hydrogen ions
HCO3 35 pO2 92 may be lost through the kidneys or the GI tract. Vomiting or nasogastric (NG) suction
generates metabolic alkalosis by the loss of gastric secretions, which are rich in
Normals pH 7.35-7.45 hydrochloric acid (HCl). Whenever a hydrogen ion is excreted, a bicarbonate ion is
pCO2 35-45 gained in the extracellular space.
HCO3 22-26
pO2 80-100
It is determined by the ratio of carbonic acid (H2CO3) to bicarbonate (HCO3-) Ratio
What determines the blood pH?
is 1:20
The respiratory system, kidneys, and the blood buffer system. While the respiratory
Which systems maintain the blood pH? system and kidneys are very important at maintaining blood pH, the blood buffer
systems works the quickest to maintain normal pH.
low pH, low HCO3
Metabolic acidosis is a disorder that occurs when the body produces excessive
What is metabolic acidosis?
amounts of acid, such as ketoacids or lactic acid; the kidneys are unable to remove
enough acid produced from normal metabolism; or the body loses too much
bicarbonate ion (HCO −
In compensated respiratory acidosis, the pH tends to range between 7.35 and 7.39 –
What does compensated in respiratory still acidic, But in the normal pH range. When you look at the PaCO2, you notice that
acidosis mean? it is high (acidic), but. The HCO3 is also high, indicating that the body has
compensated and normalized the low pH.
An exchange with the hydrogen ions and potassium from within the cell. Hydrogen
Why does acidosis cause hyperkalemia? ions move in the cell and potassium moves out into the blood stream raising the
potassium level.
Cardiac arrythmias: why? Increased extracellular potassium levels result in
An adverse reaction of hyperkalemia? depolarization of the membrane potentials of cells due to the increase in the
equilibrium potential of potassium.
What is a simple way to define the anion It basically tells you the severity of acidosis. It is the difference of the sodium level
gap? and the sum of Cl- and HCO3-
Intracellular spaces: it holds approximately 40% body water.
The body contains about 60% of water.
Extra cellular fluid contains 20% (15% interstitial, 5% intravascular)
Which area in the body contains the largest
amount?
Remember sodium and water attract-maintains serum osmolality more than any other
electrolyte.
What are the forces that move fluid in and Osmosis, diffusion, active transport
out of the capillaries?
Water and solutes moving from the intravascular to interstitial space. It is under
What is hydrostatic pressure?
pressure..so do you think heart failure is related to hydrostatic pressure?
It is a hormone that helps to regulate the kidneys. It causes excretion of potassium
What role is aldosterone in the body?
from the distal tubules
Patho 6030: Cell Biology, Fluid/Electrolytes, and Genetics Exam 100%
Solved
Save
Terms in this set (49)
a condition that is caused by a medical treatment. E.g. someone develops a blood
iatrogenic disease
clot after a bowel resection.
Herpes Zoster Oticus (Chicken Pox)
Mumps
Acquired Infections
Syphilis. Note: hospital acquired infections are also termed nosocomial infections.
These terms can be used interchangeably.
It mean "unknown" cause. E.g. A patient with pulmonary fibrosis with a unknown
Idiopathic infection cause. A patient diagnosed with pancreatitis but can not find the cause. This is called
Idiopathic.
A disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting. For e.g. A hospitalized patient
nosocomial infection
contracts respiratory MRSA. This is also called an acquired infection.
In medical diagnosis, test sensitivity is the ability
of a test to correctly identify those with the
disease (true positive rate), whereas test
Sensitivity, Specificity
specificity is the ability of the test to correctly
identify those without the disease (true negative
rate). See picture
The probability that a person with a positive test result has the disease in question. I
predictive value positive
am 98% positive that my positive strep test is accurate.
The probability that a person with a negative test result does not have the disease in
predictive value negative question. I am 90% positive my mammogram was an accurate negative (normal)
results. There is a 10% chance I could have an abnormal mammogram.
The number of people contracting a disease during a time period. E.g. What is the
incidence rate
risk of my friend contracting diabetes at any given time.
The number of individuals/unit who have disease at any one time. The total number
prevelance rate of cases. E.g. How many cases of diabetes are there in the United States. That is the
prevelance.
, This action potential is when the resting Depolarization: The process during the action potential when sodium is rushing into
negative moves to a positive. the cell causing the interior to become more positive. From negative to positive
This action potential is the relaxation Repolarization refers to the change in membrane potential that returns it to a
portion changing from a positive back to a negative value just after the depolarization phase of an action potential.
negative value.
repolarization phase-part 2-what role dose Ca2+ channels close, K+ channels open, rapid diffusion of K+ out of cell returns it to
calcium, potassium have in repolarization? resting potential
Interpret the ABG's pH 7.60, pCO2 39, Metabolic alkalosis (pH is high-alkalosis), (HCO3 high-metabolic). Hydrogen ions
HCO3 35 pO2 92 may be lost through the kidneys or the GI tract. Vomiting or nasogastric (NG) suction
generates metabolic alkalosis by the loss of gastric secretions, which are rich in
Normals pH 7.35-7.45 hydrochloric acid (HCl). Whenever a hydrogen ion is excreted, a bicarbonate ion is
pCO2 35-45 gained in the extracellular space.
HCO3 22-26
pO2 80-100
It is determined by the ratio of carbonic acid (H2CO3) to bicarbonate (HCO3-) Ratio
What determines the blood pH?
is 1:20
The respiratory system, kidneys, and the blood buffer system. While the respiratory
Which systems maintain the blood pH? system and kidneys are very important at maintaining blood pH, the blood buffer
systems works the quickest to maintain normal pH.
low pH, low HCO3
Metabolic acidosis is a disorder that occurs when the body produces excessive
What is metabolic acidosis?
amounts of acid, such as ketoacids or lactic acid; the kidneys are unable to remove
enough acid produced from normal metabolism; or the body loses too much
bicarbonate ion (HCO −
In compensated respiratory acidosis, the pH tends to range between 7.35 and 7.39 –
What does compensated in respiratory still acidic, But in the normal pH range. When you look at the PaCO2, you notice that
acidosis mean? it is high (acidic), but. The HCO3 is also high, indicating that the body has
compensated and normalized the low pH.
An exchange with the hydrogen ions and potassium from within the cell. Hydrogen
Why does acidosis cause hyperkalemia? ions move in the cell and potassium moves out into the blood stream raising the
potassium level.
Cardiac arrythmias: why? Increased extracellular potassium levels result in
An adverse reaction of hyperkalemia? depolarization of the membrane potentials of cells due to the increase in the
equilibrium potential of potassium.
What is a simple way to define the anion It basically tells you the severity of acidosis. It is the difference of the sodium level
gap? and the sum of Cl- and HCO3-
Intracellular spaces: it holds approximately 40% body water.
The body contains about 60% of water.
Extra cellular fluid contains 20% (15% interstitial, 5% intravascular)
Which area in the body contains the largest
amount?
Remember sodium and water attract-maintains serum osmolality more than any other
electrolyte.
What are the forces that move fluid in and Osmosis, diffusion, active transport
out of the capillaries?
Water and solutes moving from the intravascular to interstitial space. It is under
What is hydrostatic pressure?
pressure..so do you think heart failure is related to hydrostatic pressure?
It is a hormone that helps to regulate the kidneys. It causes excretion of potassium
What role is aldosterone in the body?
from the distal tubules
