COM 225 EXAM VERIFIED ACCURATE STUDY GUIDE
Availability of Information (Self-disclosure factors) - Answers -Self-disclosing messages
must contain information that the other person is not likely to know at the time or be able
to obtain from another source.
barrier behaviors - Answers -strategies designed to create a barrier between ourselves
and other people.
Managing Impressions - Answers -- Manner, refers to the way we act
- Appearance, involves the way we dress
- Setting, involves the physical items we surround ourselves with
Seemingly minor changes played major roles in nonverbal impression management.
Online language and impression management - Answers -- by using a block signature
indicating that a text message was typed on a mobile device.
- warm, friendly language
- Be formal on computers
Relative Language - Answers -gains meaning by comparison. For example, do you
attend a large or small school? This depends on what you compare it to. Using relative
terms without explaining them can lead to communication problems. One way to make
words more measurable is to turn them into numbers.
Power and Politeness (Impact on Language) - Answers -competent communication
requires flexibility and adaptability
Phonological rules - Answers -govern how sounds are combined to form words.
Pronunciations differ across languages.
We are influenced by our expectations - Answers -Our expectations influence the way
we see others, both positively and negatively.
Standpoint theory - Answers -describes how a person's position in a society shapes her
or his view of society in general and of specific individuals
Reality is Constructed - Answers -We create our reality with others through
communication. We recognize that there are two levels of reality, "first order" and
"second order"
self-fulfilling prophecy - Answers -Occurs when a person's expectations of an event,
and her or his subsequent behavior based on those expectations, make the outcome
more likely to occur. This circular process involves four stages:
, 1. Holding an expectation (for yourself or others)
2. Behaving in accordance with that expectation
3. The expectation coming to pass
4. Reinforcing the original expectation
Self-concept - Answers -the relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself.
Imagine a mirror that reflected not only your appearance but other aspects of who you
are - your typical emotional states, special talents, likes, dislikes, values, roles, and so
on. That reflection would be your self-concept.
Cognitive Conservatism - Answers -The tendency to seek and attend to information
that conforms to an existing self-concept.
The Self-Concept resists change - Answers -We resist revising it and even seek out
people who confirm how we see ourselves. This tendency to seek confirmation of an
existing self-concept, labeled cognitive conservatism, appears to hold true for people in
a variety of cultures. People with unnecessarily negative self-esteem can become their
own worst enemies, denying themselves the validation they deserve and the need to
enjoy satisfying relationships.
a healthy self-concept is flexible - Answers -It's helpful for communicators to take stock
of themselves now and then and acknowledge changes to their self-concept.
Self-evaluations can be distorted for several reasons - Answers -- Obsolete information
- Distorted feedback
- Perfectionism
- Social expectations
The Self-Concept is Subjective - Answers -The way we view ourselves may be at odds
with others perceptions - and often with the observable facts. One example is online
daters that often have a "foggy mirror" - that is, they see themselves more positively
than others do.
Reference Groups - Answers -Others against whom we evaluate our own
characteristics. To some degree, we are in control of our reference groups. Once you
place yourself alongside a truly representative sample, your self-concept may become
more realistic.
Social comparison - Answers -Evaluating ourselves in comparison with others. We
decide whether we are superior or inferior (influences our self-esteem) and similar or
different (which influences are self-concept) by comparing ourselves to reference
groups.
Availability of Information (Self-disclosure factors) - Answers -Self-disclosing messages
must contain information that the other person is not likely to know at the time or be able
to obtain from another source.
barrier behaviors - Answers -strategies designed to create a barrier between ourselves
and other people.
Managing Impressions - Answers -- Manner, refers to the way we act
- Appearance, involves the way we dress
- Setting, involves the physical items we surround ourselves with
Seemingly minor changes played major roles in nonverbal impression management.
Online language and impression management - Answers -- by using a block signature
indicating that a text message was typed on a mobile device.
- warm, friendly language
- Be formal on computers
Relative Language - Answers -gains meaning by comparison. For example, do you
attend a large or small school? This depends on what you compare it to. Using relative
terms without explaining them can lead to communication problems. One way to make
words more measurable is to turn them into numbers.
Power and Politeness (Impact on Language) - Answers -competent communication
requires flexibility and adaptability
Phonological rules - Answers -govern how sounds are combined to form words.
Pronunciations differ across languages.
We are influenced by our expectations - Answers -Our expectations influence the way
we see others, both positively and negatively.
Standpoint theory - Answers -describes how a person's position in a society shapes her
or his view of society in general and of specific individuals
Reality is Constructed - Answers -We create our reality with others through
communication. We recognize that there are two levels of reality, "first order" and
"second order"
self-fulfilling prophecy - Answers -Occurs when a person's expectations of an event,
and her or his subsequent behavior based on those expectations, make the outcome
more likely to occur. This circular process involves four stages:
, 1. Holding an expectation (for yourself or others)
2. Behaving in accordance with that expectation
3. The expectation coming to pass
4. Reinforcing the original expectation
Self-concept - Answers -the relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself.
Imagine a mirror that reflected not only your appearance but other aspects of who you
are - your typical emotional states, special talents, likes, dislikes, values, roles, and so
on. That reflection would be your self-concept.
Cognitive Conservatism - Answers -The tendency to seek and attend to information
that conforms to an existing self-concept.
The Self-Concept resists change - Answers -We resist revising it and even seek out
people who confirm how we see ourselves. This tendency to seek confirmation of an
existing self-concept, labeled cognitive conservatism, appears to hold true for people in
a variety of cultures. People with unnecessarily negative self-esteem can become their
own worst enemies, denying themselves the validation they deserve and the need to
enjoy satisfying relationships.
a healthy self-concept is flexible - Answers -It's helpful for communicators to take stock
of themselves now and then and acknowledge changes to their self-concept.
Self-evaluations can be distorted for several reasons - Answers -- Obsolete information
- Distorted feedback
- Perfectionism
- Social expectations
The Self-Concept is Subjective - Answers -The way we view ourselves may be at odds
with others perceptions - and often with the observable facts. One example is online
daters that often have a "foggy mirror" - that is, they see themselves more positively
than others do.
Reference Groups - Answers -Others against whom we evaluate our own
characteristics. To some degree, we are in control of our reference groups. Once you
place yourself alongside a truly representative sample, your self-concept may become
more realistic.
Social comparison - Answers -Evaluating ourselves in comparison with others. We
decide whether we are superior or inferior (influences our self-esteem) and similar or
different (which influences are self-concept) by comparing ourselves to reference
groups.
