BIOCHEMISTRY OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
MIDTERM EXAM 170 QUESTIONS & CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST 2026
What is the normal level of blood glucose? - ANSWER-80-100mg/100ml
What cells have an absolute requirement for glucose? - ANSWER-Brain and Red
Blood Cells
What type of glucose transporters do brain and RBCs have? - ANSWER-Glut 1
insulin independent transporters
What type of glucose transporter does the liver have - ANSWER-Glut 2 insulin
independent transporter
What is required to transport sugars and amino acids into muscle and adipose
tissue - ANSWER-Glut 4 insulin dependent transporter
What is the process of converting glycogen into glucose? - ANSWER-
Glycogenolysis
What is the process of converting glucose into pyruvate? - ANSWER-Glycolysis
What is the process of converting Triacylglycerols (TAGs) into 3 Fatty acids plus a
glycerol? - ANSWER-Lipolysis
,What is the process of converting fatty acids into acetyl CoA? - ANSWER-Beta
oxidation of Fats
What is the process of converting glucose into glycogenesis? - ANSWER-
Glycogenesis
What is the process of converting non-carbohydrates into glucose? - ANSWER-
Gluconeogenesis
What is the process of converting glucose into palmitate? - ANSWER-Fatty Acid
Synthesis
What is the process of converting acetyl CoA into Cholesterol? - ANSWER-
Cholesterol synthesis
What type of molecules can enter the Kreb's cycle? - ANSWER-Carbohydrates,
fatty acids, and amino acids
Where in the cell does the Kreb's cycle take place? - ANSWER-Mitochondrial
matrix
Where in the cell does the Electron Transport Chain take place? - ANSWER-
Intermitchondrial Membrane
What cell in the body releases Glucagon? - ANSWER-Alpha cells of the Pancreas
, What product does the Alpha cells release in response to Hypoglycemia? -
ANSWER-Glucagon
What are the target organs of Glucagon? - ANSWER-Liver and Adipose
What effects does glucagon have on the liver? - ANSWER-Glycogenolysis,
gluconeogenesis, and ketogenesis
What effects does glucagon have on adipose tissue? - ANSWER-Lipolysis
What cell in the body releases Growth Hormone? - ANSWER-Hypothalamus
What hormone is released when the body is hypoglycemia and exercise/sleep
occurs? - ANSWER-Growth Hormone
What are the target organs of Growth Hormone? - ANSWER-Liver and Muscles
What effects does Growth Hormone have on the liver? - ANSWER-Converted into
Somatomedin C (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1)
What metabolic pathways are increased by Somatomedin C? - ANSWER-Amino
acid uptake, protein synthesis, and beta oxidation of fats
What metabolic pathways are decreased by Somatomedin C and Growth
Hormone? - ANSWER-Protein breakdown and carbohydrate metabolism
What are the hormones the respond to raised blood sugar? - ANSWER-Glucagon,
Growth hormone, Epinephrine, and Cortisol
MIDTERM EXAM 170 QUESTIONS & CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST 2026
What is the normal level of blood glucose? - ANSWER-80-100mg/100ml
What cells have an absolute requirement for glucose? - ANSWER-Brain and Red
Blood Cells
What type of glucose transporters do brain and RBCs have? - ANSWER-Glut 1
insulin independent transporters
What type of glucose transporter does the liver have - ANSWER-Glut 2 insulin
independent transporter
What is required to transport sugars and amino acids into muscle and adipose
tissue - ANSWER-Glut 4 insulin dependent transporter
What is the process of converting glycogen into glucose? - ANSWER-
Glycogenolysis
What is the process of converting glucose into pyruvate? - ANSWER-Glycolysis
What is the process of converting Triacylglycerols (TAGs) into 3 Fatty acids plus a
glycerol? - ANSWER-Lipolysis
,What is the process of converting fatty acids into acetyl CoA? - ANSWER-Beta
oxidation of Fats
What is the process of converting glucose into glycogenesis? - ANSWER-
Glycogenesis
What is the process of converting non-carbohydrates into glucose? - ANSWER-
Gluconeogenesis
What is the process of converting glucose into palmitate? - ANSWER-Fatty Acid
Synthesis
What is the process of converting acetyl CoA into Cholesterol? - ANSWER-
Cholesterol synthesis
What type of molecules can enter the Kreb's cycle? - ANSWER-Carbohydrates,
fatty acids, and amino acids
Where in the cell does the Kreb's cycle take place? - ANSWER-Mitochondrial
matrix
Where in the cell does the Electron Transport Chain take place? - ANSWER-
Intermitchondrial Membrane
What cell in the body releases Glucagon? - ANSWER-Alpha cells of the Pancreas
, What product does the Alpha cells release in response to Hypoglycemia? -
ANSWER-Glucagon
What are the target organs of Glucagon? - ANSWER-Liver and Adipose
What effects does glucagon have on the liver? - ANSWER-Glycogenolysis,
gluconeogenesis, and ketogenesis
What effects does glucagon have on adipose tissue? - ANSWER-Lipolysis
What cell in the body releases Growth Hormone? - ANSWER-Hypothalamus
What hormone is released when the body is hypoglycemia and exercise/sleep
occurs? - ANSWER-Growth Hormone
What are the target organs of Growth Hormone? - ANSWER-Liver and Muscles
What effects does Growth Hormone have on the liver? - ANSWER-Converted into
Somatomedin C (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1)
What metabolic pathways are increased by Somatomedin C? - ANSWER-Amino
acid uptake, protein synthesis, and beta oxidation of fats
What metabolic pathways are decreased by Somatomedin C and Growth
Hormone? - ANSWER-Protein breakdown and carbohydrate metabolism
What are the hormones the respond to raised blood sugar? - ANSWER-Glucagon,
Growth hormone, Epinephrine, and Cortisol
