NUTR 331 MIDTERM EXAM 150 QUESTIONS &
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST 2026
define nutrition - ANSWER-The study of the nutrients and other biologically
active compounds in foods and in the body (sometimes also the study of human
behaviors related to food)
discuss the nature of nutrients - ANSWER-The six major classes of nutrients are
carbohydrates, lipids (fats), protein, vitamins, minerals, and water. b.
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water are called macronutrients. Carbohydrates,
lipids, and proteins as energy-yielding nutrients. Vitamins and most minerals are
required in smaller amounts (milligrams or micrograms), so they are called
micronutrients.
Four methods of assessing nutritional status - ANSWER-Nutritional History,
anthropometry, physical examinations, Laboratory tests
nutritional history - ANSWER-includes an assessment of the person's diet. Many
other aspects of the person's history are recorded, including medical history,
particularly of diet-related conditions. Socioeconomic history is also important,
because it provides information about personal, financial, and environmental
influences on food intake.
anthropometric measures - ANSWER-the physical characteristics of the body, such
as height and weight. These measures alert the assessor to serious problems such as
growth failure in children, wasting or swelling of body tissues in adults, and
obesity— conditions that reflect nutrient deficiencies or excesses.
,physical examination - ANSWER-looks for clues to poor nutritional health status.
Various parts of the body can be inspected; posture may also be assessed. Provide
evidence of deficiencies, imbalances, and toxicity status.
Laboratory Tests - ANSWER-Detect a developing deficiency, imbalance, or toxic
state by taking samples of body fluids, such as blood or urine, and analyze them in
a laboratory. In the early stages of malnutrition, body changes may not be obvious,
but biochemical tests may reveal problems. biochemical abnormalities shown by
laboratory tests do not indicate whether the cause is inadequate dietary intake
(primary deficiency), or something other than diet (secondary deficiency). The
only way of confirming whether a nutritional deficiency is dietary in origin is to do
a dietary assessment.
describe four methods of diet information collection for nutritional analysis of
individuals or groups of people. - ANSWER-Diet history, food diary, 24 hour
recall, food frequency
Diet History - ANSWER-Used by health professionals, such as dieticians, to assess
an individual's eating habits or usual food intake. Can reveal socioeconomic and
cultural influences, food intolerances, food likes and dislikes. Usually conducted
along with one of the three other diet assessment methods to determine nutrient
intake for the total diet. Serves health professionals well for planning healthy
eating strategies. This method is time consuming and expensive
Food Diary - ANSWER-Person keeps a record with detailed notes about their diet,
including foods eaten, type, amount, preparation
24 hour recall - ANSWER-Individual is asked to recall everything that they have
consumed in the last 24 hours. Useful for research studies but not to assess if there
are any nutritional deficiencies. Food models may be used to help estimate serving
sizes
, Food Frequency - ANSWER-Assesses diets and nutrient intakes and widely used
in epidemiological studies. Track the diet consumption of a large group of people.
The information tracked includes how often a particular food or type of food is
consumed during a specified period of time—day, week, month, or year.
explain the uses of food composition databases. - ANSWER-They are a resource to
determine the amounts of nutrients a person or a group of people are consuming
and to assess the nutritional value of a menu for a seniors' lodge or daycare. 2.
They are used to identify foods which tend to be high or low in specific nutrients.
explain the limitations of food composition databases. - ANSWER-1) Several
nutrients are not included in food composition tables 2) Not all foods have been
tested for all nutrients, so many have missing values. 3) With so many influencing
factors, nutrient data are at best an approximation. 4) The calculated amount of a
nutrient in a given food should not be assumed to be completely absorbed by the
body. 5) Mixed dishes vary widely in nutrient composition. 6) As the legislation on
enrichment and fortification differs between countries, food products have a
nutrient composition slight variations
describe types of studies used in establishing the role of diet in disease -
ANSWER-These studies include epidemiological studies (including population,
historical, case-control, and cohort studies), intervention studies, animal studies,
biochemical and physiological studies, as well as anecdotal evidence.
Intervention studies - ANSWER-volunteers are instructed on changes they must
make to their diet. Typically, there are two groups: an intervention group and a
control group. The intervention group is instructed to make a single dietary change.
The members of the control group continue with their regular diet. Because of the
inclusion of a control group, this type of study is called a controlled trial. After an
appropriate period of time, the two groups are compared. Any differences between
the groups should be the result of the single intervention.
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST 2026
define nutrition - ANSWER-The study of the nutrients and other biologically
active compounds in foods and in the body (sometimes also the study of human
behaviors related to food)
discuss the nature of nutrients - ANSWER-The six major classes of nutrients are
carbohydrates, lipids (fats), protein, vitamins, minerals, and water. b.
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water are called macronutrients. Carbohydrates,
lipids, and proteins as energy-yielding nutrients. Vitamins and most minerals are
required in smaller amounts (milligrams or micrograms), so they are called
micronutrients.
Four methods of assessing nutritional status - ANSWER-Nutritional History,
anthropometry, physical examinations, Laboratory tests
nutritional history - ANSWER-includes an assessment of the person's diet. Many
other aspects of the person's history are recorded, including medical history,
particularly of diet-related conditions. Socioeconomic history is also important,
because it provides information about personal, financial, and environmental
influences on food intake.
anthropometric measures - ANSWER-the physical characteristics of the body, such
as height and weight. These measures alert the assessor to serious problems such as
growth failure in children, wasting or swelling of body tissues in adults, and
obesity— conditions that reflect nutrient deficiencies or excesses.
,physical examination - ANSWER-looks for clues to poor nutritional health status.
Various parts of the body can be inspected; posture may also be assessed. Provide
evidence of deficiencies, imbalances, and toxicity status.
Laboratory Tests - ANSWER-Detect a developing deficiency, imbalance, or toxic
state by taking samples of body fluids, such as blood or urine, and analyze them in
a laboratory. In the early stages of malnutrition, body changes may not be obvious,
but biochemical tests may reveal problems. biochemical abnormalities shown by
laboratory tests do not indicate whether the cause is inadequate dietary intake
(primary deficiency), or something other than diet (secondary deficiency). The
only way of confirming whether a nutritional deficiency is dietary in origin is to do
a dietary assessment.
describe four methods of diet information collection for nutritional analysis of
individuals or groups of people. - ANSWER-Diet history, food diary, 24 hour
recall, food frequency
Diet History - ANSWER-Used by health professionals, such as dieticians, to assess
an individual's eating habits or usual food intake. Can reveal socioeconomic and
cultural influences, food intolerances, food likes and dislikes. Usually conducted
along with one of the three other diet assessment methods to determine nutrient
intake for the total diet. Serves health professionals well for planning healthy
eating strategies. This method is time consuming and expensive
Food Diary - ANSWER-Person keeps a record with detailed notes about their diet,
including foods eaten, type, amount, preparation
24 hour recall - ANSWER-Individual is asked to recall everything that they have
consumed in the last 24 hours. Useful for research studies but not to assess if there
are any nutritional deficiencies. Food models may be used to help estimate serving
sizes
, Food Frequency - ANSWER-Assesses diets and nutrient intakes and widely used
in epidemiological studies. Track the diet consumption of a large group of people.
The information tracked includes how often a particular food or type of food is
consumed during a specified period of time—day, week, month, or year.
explain the uses of food composition databases. - ANSWER-They are a resource to
determine the amounts of nutrients a person or a group of people are consuming
and to assess the nutritional value of a menu for a seniors' lodge or daycare. 2.
They are used to identify foods which tend to be high or low in specific nutrients.
explain the limitations of food composition databases. - ANSWER-1) Several
nutrients are not included in food composition tables 2) Not all foods have been
tested for all nutrients, so many have missing values. 3) With so many influencing
factors, nutrient data are at best an approximation. 4) The calculated amount of a
nutrient in a given food should not be assumed to be completely absorbed by the
body. 5) Mixed dishes vary widely in nutrient composition. 6) As the legislation on
enrichment and fortification differs between countries, food products have a
nutrient composition slight variations
describe types of studies used in establishing the role of diet in disease -
ANSWER-These studies include epidemiological studies (including population,
historical, case-control, and cohort studies), intervention studies, animal studies,
biochemical and physiological studies, as well as anecdotal evidence.
Intervention studies - ANSWER-volunteers are instructed on changes they must
make to their diet. Typically, there are two groups: an intervention group and a
control group. The intervention group is instructed to make a single dietary change.
The members of the control group continue with their regular diet. Because of the
inclusion of a control group, this type of study is called a controlled trial. After an
appropriate period of time, the two groups are compared. Any differences between
the groups should be the result of the single intervention.
