NEUROSCIENCE FINAL EXAM SET
REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
what is Gyrus? What is Sulcus? - Answer-a small protrusion or bump formed by the
folding of the cerebral cortex
A groove in brain matter, usually found in the neocortex or cerebellum
Name the Meninges - Answer-- they are the protective tissue that encases the brain
and spinal cord
Dura Mater: tough mother; tough double layer
Arachroid Membrane: ultra thin layer
Pia mater: moderatly tough layer
in between the arachoid membrane and pia mater, is the Subarachnoid Space which
as CSF
Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer-a colorless solution that cushions the brain so that it
can move and expand slightly without pressing on the skull
name the 4 lobes that are located in the fore brain and their functions - Answer-
temporal lobe:
- connections with hearing, language, musical abilities
- on the bottom
frontal lobe:
- performs brains executive functions, decision making
- in the front
parietal lobe:
-directs our movement toward a goal. to perform a task, such as grasping an object,
touch
-on the top
occipital lobe:
- where the visual processes begin
- at the back
Ventricle - Answer-- may play a role in brain metabolism
- helps buffer the brain back and forth
- the nursery of the nervous system
,- it helps the ditox neurons in the brain
name the two main types of cells and their function - Answer-Neurons: carry out the
brain's major functions
- the number of them is approximately the same
Glial Cells: provide nutrients; aid and modulate neurons' activities
What is a brain stem? - Answer-it is responsible for most unconscious behavior
- begins where spinal cord enters the skull
- receives afferent neurons and sends efferent neurons to the spinal cord
has three main regions
what are the three regions of the brain stem? - Answer-hind brain
midbrain
diencephalon
what is located in the hindbrain?
remember this is in the brain stem - Answer-Cerebellum: controls complex
movements, regulate motor responses, muscle memory, regulate movements that
we don't think about, controls parts of balance
reticular formation: reticular activating system; netlike mixture of neurons and nerve
fibers; stimulates the forebrain; it is associated with the sleepwalk behavior and
behavioral arousal
Medulla: controls breathing/ cardiovascular system ( heart rate)
Pons: connects cerebellum to the rest of the brain; integrates conscious and
subconscious motor commands
What is located in the Midbrain?
remember this is in the brain stem - Answer-contains neural circuits for hearing and
seeing as well as orienting movements
Tectum: functions sensory processing, particular visual and auditory, receives
sensory from the eyes; produces orienting movements ( turning head to see the
source of sound)
, Tegmentum: movement related, pain perception functions; eye and limb movements;
species-specific behaviors
What is located in the Diencephalon?
remember this is in the brain stem - Answer-it integrates sensory and motor
information on its way to the cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus: associates temperature regulation, eating, drinking and sexual
behavior; helps regulate the pituitary gland (hormones); controls body's production of
hormones
- when wanting to look at differences between male and female brains; look at the
hypothalamus
Thalamus: it is a gateway for channeling sensory information traveling to the cerebral
cortex from all sensory; helps regenerate some selective perception; helps you put
focus on one stimuli over the other (if someone has trouble with selective attention
their might be a problem in their thalamus)
What is the forebrain?
What does the limbic system consist of?
The Forebrain has the Neocortex (lobes), basal ganglia and the limbic system. -
Answer-it is the newest part of the brain that cordinates cognitive functions such as
thinking, planning and language
limbic system: has roles in emotional and sexual behaviors
Amygdala: regulates emotion
Hippocampus: regulates, navigation, memory
what is the Basal Ganglia?
remember that this is part of the forebrain - Answer-it controls voluntary and
involuntary movements; it is a collection of nuclei just below the white matter of the
neocortex
- damage in this could cause problems in the basal ganglia
What are the 10 principles of the Nervous System? - Answer-1. the nervous system
produces movement in a perceptual world the brain constructs
2. Neuroplasticity is the hallmark of neurons system functioning ( experience alters
brains organization)
3. many brain circuits are crossed (Corpus Callosum)
REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
what is Gyrus? What is Sulcus? - Answer-a small protrusion or bump formed by the
folding of the cerebral cortex
A groove in brain matter, usually found in the neocortex or cerebellum
Name the Meninges - Answer-- they are the protective tissue that encases the brain
and spinal cord
Dura Mater: tough mother; tough double layer
Arachroid Membrane: ultra thin layer
Pia mater: moderatly tough layer
in between the arachoid membrane and pia mater, is the Subarachnoid Space which
as CSF
Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer-a colorless solution that cushions the brain so that it
can move and expand slightly without pressing on the skull
name the 4 lobes that are located in the fore brain and their functions - Answer-
temporal lobe:
- connections with hearing, language, musical abilities
- on the bottom
frontal lobe:
- performs brains executive functions, decision making
- in the front
parietal lobe:
-directs our movement toward a goal. to perform a task, such as grasping an object,
touch
-on the top
occipital lobe:
- where the visual processes begin
- at the back
Ventricle - Answer-- may play a role in brain metabolism
- helps buffer the brain back and forth
- the nursery of the nervous system
,- it helps the ditox neurons in the brain
name the two main types of cells and their function - Answer-Neurons: carry out the
brain's major functions
- the number of them is approximately the same
Glial Cells: provide nutrients; aid and modulate neurons' activities
What is a brain stem? - Answer-it is responsible for most unconscious behavior
- begins where spinal cord enters the skull
- receives afferent neurons and sends efferent neurons to the spinal cord
has three main regions
what are the three regions of the brain stem? - Answer-hind brain
midbrain
diencephalon
what is located in the hindbrain?
remember this is in the brain stem - Answer-Cerebellum: controls complex
movements, regulate motor responses, muscle memory, regulate movements that
we don't think about, controls parts of balance
reticular formation: reticular activating system; netlike mixture of neurons and nerve
fibers; stimulates the forebrain; it is associated with the sleepwalk behavior and
behavioral arousal
Medulla: controls breathing/ cardiovascular system ( heart rate)
Pons: connects cerebellum to the rest of the brain; integrates conscious and
subconscious motor commands
What is located in the Midbrain?
remember this is in the brain stem - Answer-contains neural circuits for hearing and
seeing as well as orienting movements
Tectum: functions sensory processing, particular visual and auditory, receives
sensory from the eyes; produces orienting movements ( turning head to see the
source of sound)
, Tegmentum: movement related, pain perception functions; eye and limb movements;
species-specific behaviors
What is located in the Diencephalon?
remember this is in the brain stem - Answer-it integrates sensory and motor
information on its way to the cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus: associates temperature regulation, eating, drinking and sexual
behavior; helps regulate the pituitary gland (hormones); controls body's production of
hormones
- when wanting to look at differences between male and female brains; look at the
hypothalamus
Thalamus: it is a gateway for channeling sensory information traveling to the cerebral
cortex from all sensory; helps regenerate some selective perception; helps you put
focus on one stimuli over the other (if someone has trouble with selective attention
their might be a problem in their thalamus)
What is the forebrain?
What does the limbic system consist of?
The Forebrain has the Neocortex (lobes), basal ganglia and the limbic system. -
Answer-it is the newest part of the brain that cordinates cognitive functions such as
thinking, planning and language
limbic system: has roles in emotional and sexual behaviors
Amygdala: regulates emotion
Hippocampus: regulates, navigation, memory
what is the Basal Ganglia?
remember that this is part of the forebrain - Answer-it controls voluntary and
involuntary movements; it is a collection of nuclei just below the white matter of the
neocortex
- damage in this could cause problems in the basal ganglia
What are the 10 principles of the Nervous System? - Answer-1. the nervous system
produces movement in a perceptual world the brain constructs
2. Neuroplasticity is the hallmark of neurons system functioning ( experience alters
brains organization)
3. many brain circuits are crossed (Corpus Callosum)
