CSD 431 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
What are features of clear speech? - Answer-○Slight increase in loudness, especially on
content words
○Slower speaking rate, via adding pauses
○(adding gestures to highlight meaning)
What is speech reading? - Answer-The act or process of determining the intended
meaning of a speaker by utilizing all visual clues accompanying speech
-lip movements
-facial expressions
-gestures
What are the variables that affect speech reading? - Answer-○Patient: visual acuity,
age, language experience
○Talker: speed of articulation, individual speech patterns
○Context: lighting, language cues
○Visibility of speech sounds themselves (visemes)
T/F the more context the easier it is to speech read? - Answer-true
What are visemes? - Answer-Speech sounds (typically consonants) that look alike when
spoken, based on mouth shape + place of articulation cues
What percentages of speech reading is available under optimal conditions? - Answer-
30-40%
How much of speech reading is available in everyday conversation? - Answer-10-25%
What are the speech reading training approaches? - Answer-1) Analytic
2) Synthetic
3) Environmental
4) Holistic
What is the analytic approach to speechreading? - Answer-: Focuses on lipreading
individual speech sounds; typically instruction with drilled practice
What is the synthetic approach to speech reading? - Answer-●Focuses on lipreading
sentences for overall meaning; typically instruction with drilled practice
What is the environmental approach to speech reading? - Answer-●Focuses on the
patient developing practical strategies for improving speechreading in real-world
situations
,(e.g., noisy/move to quiet location, poor lighting/add light, fast speech/ask to slow
down); typically includes instruction with role-play
What are examples of environmental speech reading approaches? - Answer-●Patient
Education:
○About 50% of face-to-face communication is connected to nonverbal information,
including body language, facial features, and lip movements.
○People with hearing loss find they communicate better with access to these visual
cues.
●Patient Work with Therapist: Identify poor and ideal speechreading locations in the
home. Practice speechreading under similar conditions with the therapist; Practice
modifying environment to improve conditions.
●Patient Homework: Let your partner know you are going to practice speechreading,
and ask for their support. Use your skills during an low-stakes conversation with this
partner.
What is the holistic approach to speech reading? - Answer-Incorporates aspects from
the Analytic, Synthetic and Pragmatic approaches depending on specific needs of the
patient; can include instruction, drilled practice with sounds and sentences, and role
play
What are the two speechreading tools? - Answer-1) Craig Lipreading Inventory:
○Words and sentences
○Tester says carrier phrase (show me) then silently says test item
•"A coat is on a chair."
•"Ball."
○Patient points to pictures
●Scored as number of words or sentences correct
○Test of word or sentence recognition via speechreading
2) Utley Sentence Test:
●31 sentences
○"All right."
•"Where have you been?"
○Tester silently readssentences, one at a time
○Patient repeats back
○Scored as number of words correct
●Test of word recognition via speechreading
what are stand alone devices that connect to hearing aids and cochlear implants? -
Answer-ALD, assisted listening devices
What do ALDs improve? - Answer-signal to noise ratio
What are the different types of wireless ALDs? - Answer--induction
, -radio frequency
-infared
-bluetooth
How does induction work? - Answer-●A remote microphone turns speech into an
electrical signal
-The electrical signal is amplified and passed through a wire loop, creating an
electromagnetic field inside the loop
●A telecoil positioned inside the wire loop picks-up the electromagnetic signal and
delivers it to the listener
○Hearing aid
○Cochlear implant
○Headset
What is an example of an induction system? - Answer--loop systems for events
-loop systems for home
-table top loop systems
What is specefic to a loop system? - Answer-a telecoil function on their devices
What is radio frequency signal transmission? - Answer--These are any devices that
transmit a remote-microphone signal to a listener via FM (frequency modulated) or DM
(digitally modulated) radio waves
-mostly used in schools
How does radio signal transmission work? - Answer-●A remote microphone turns
speech into an electrical signal
●The electrical signal is transformed into a radio signal and broadcast out into the room
by a specially designed radio transmitter
●A radio receiver that is a partner to the radio transmitter picks-up the radio wave and
transforms it back into an electrical signal and delivers it to a sound-delivery device
●The sound delivery device changes the electrical signal back into speech for the
listener
○Hearing aid
○Cochlear implant
Headset
What are examples of a radio frequency systems? - Answer--body-worn microphone
system
-hand-held microphone system
-table top microphone system: mostly used for adults
What is infared signal transmission? - Answer--These devices transmit a remote-
microphone signal to a listener via infrared light
-good for use in schools and at home
-transmitter and receiver must have a line of sight relationship to work
VERIFIED ANSWERS
What are features of clear speech? - Answer-○Slight increase in loudness, especially on
content words
○Slower speaking rate, via adding pauses
○(adding gestures to highlight meaning)
What is speech reading? - Answer-The act or process of determining the intended
meaning of a speaker by utilizing all visual clues accompanying speech
-lip movements
-facial expressions
-gestures
What are the variables that affect speech reading? - Answer-○Patient: visual acuity,
age, language experience
○Talker: speed of articulation, individual speech patterns
○Context: lighting, language cues
○Visibility of speech sounds themselves (visemes)
T/F the more context the easier it is to speech read? - Answer-true
What are visemes? - Answer-Speech sounds (typically consonants) that look alike when
spoken, based on mouth shape + place of articulation cues
What percentages of speech reading is available under optimal conditions? - Answer-
30-40%
How much of speech reading is available in everyday conversation? - Answer-10-25%
What are the speech reading training approaches? - Answer-1) Analytic
2) Synthetic
3) Environmental
4) Holistic
What is the analytic approach to speechreading? - Answer-: Focuses on lipreading
individual speech sounds; typically instruction with drilled practice
What is the synthetic approach to speech reading? - Answer-●Focuses on lipreading
sentences for overall meaning; typically instruction with drilled practice
What is the environmental approach to speech reading? - Answer-●Focuses on the
patient developing practical strategies for improving speechreading in real-world
situations
,(e.g., noisy/move to quiet location, poor lighting/add light, fast speech/ask to slow
down); typically includes instruction with role-play
What are examples of environmental speech reading approaches? - Answer-●Patient
Education:
○About 50% of face-to-face communication is connected to nonverbal information,
including body language, facial features, and lip movements.
○People with hearing loss find they communicate better with access to these visual
cues.
●Patient Work with Therapist: Identify poor and ideal speechreading locations in the
home. Practice speechreading under similar conditions with the therapist; Practice
modifying environment to improve conditions.
●Patient Homework: Let your partner know you are going to practice speechreading,
and ask for their support. Use your skills during an low-stakes conversation with this
partner.
What is the holistic approach to speech reading? - Answer-Incorporates aspects from
the Analytic, Synthetic and Pragmatic approaches depending on specific needs of the
patient; can include instruction, drilled practice with sounds and sentences, and role
play
What are the two speechreading tools? - Answer-1) Craig Lipreading Inventory:
○Words and sentences
○Tester says carrier phrase (show me) then silently says test item
•"A coat is on a chair."
•"Ball."
○Patient points to pictures
●Scored as number of words or sentences correct
○Test of word or sentence recognition via speechreading
2) Utley Sentence Test:
●31 sentences
○"All right."
•"Where have you been?"
○Tester silently readssentences, one at a time
○Patient repeats back
○Scored as number of words correct
●Test of word recognition via speechreading
what are stand alone devices that connect to hearing aids and cochlear implants? -
Answer-ALD, assisted listening devices
What do ALDs improve? - Answer-signal to noise ratio
What are the different types of wireless ALDs? - Answer--induction
, -radio frequency
-infared
-bluetooth
How does induction work? - Answer-●A remote microphone turns speech into an
electrical signal
-The electrical signal is amplified and passed through a wire loop, creating an
electromagnetic field inside the loop
●A telecoil positioned inside the wire loop picks-up the electromagnetic signal and
delivers it to the listener
○Hearing aid
○Cochlear implant
○Headset
What is an example of an induction system? - Answer--loop systems for events
-loop systems for home
-table top loop systems
What is specefic to a loop system? - Answer-a telecoil function on their devices
What is radio frequency signal transmission? - Answer--These are any devices that
transmit a remote-microphone signal to a listener via FM (frequency modulated) or DM
(digitally modulated) radio waves
-mostly used in schools
How does radio signal transmission work? - Answer-●A remote microphone turns
speech into an electrical signal
●The electrical signal is transformed into a radio signal and broadcast out into the room
by a specially designed radio transmitter
●A radio receiver that is a partner to the radio transmitter picks-up the radio wave and
transforms it back into an electrical signal and delivers it to a sound-delivery device
●The sound delivery device changes the electrical signal back into speech for the
listener
○Hearing aid
○Cochlear implant
Headset
What are examples of a radio frequency systems? - Answer--body-worn microphone
system
-hand-held microphone system
-table top microphone system: mostly used for adults
What is infared signal transmission? - Answer--These devices transmit a remote-
microphone signal to a listener via infrared light
-good for use in schools and at home
-transmitter and receiver must have a line of sight relationship to work
