Emergency Medicine EOR: Hematology N E W E S T E X A M W I T H
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What are the two types of acute leukemia and
their classic age distributions?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): most
common in children <15 years; Acute Myeloid
Leukemia (AML): most common in adults >60
years
What peripheral blood finding is pathognomonic
for AML and never seen in ALL?
Auer rods — needle-like cytoplasmic inclusions
in myeloblasts; pathognomonic for AML
(especially M3 subtype/APL)
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,3/3/26, 11:52 PM Emergency Medicine EOR: Hematology (Smarty PANCE)
What blast percentage on bone marrow biopsy is
required to diagnose acute leukemia?
≥20% blasts on bone marrow biopsy (or
peripheral smear) is diagnostic of acute
leukemia
What are the classic symptoms of acute
leukemia using mnemonic FABING?
Fatigue/weakness, Anemia symptoms,
Bleeding/petechiae, Infection/fever,
Neutropenia complications, Gingival hyperplasia
(AML-M5)
What lab findings are seen in acute leukemia?
Peripheral blasts >20%, anemia,
thrombocytopenia, elevated LDH and uric acid;
WBC can be high, normal, or low
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,3/3/26, 11:52 PM Emergency Medicine EOR: Hematology (Smarty PANCE)
What is the most feared complication of AML-M3
(APL) and its emergency treatment?
DIC — treat emergently with All-Trans Retinoic
Acid (ATRA) before genetic confirmation
What chromosomal translocation is associated
with CML and its classic presentation?
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) BCR-ABL;
presents with massive splenomegaly,
leukocytosis, basophilia; treated with
imatinib
What are the classic lab findings in iron deficiency
anemia (IDA)?
Microcytic anemia (MCV <80), ferritin <30 ng/mL
(most sensitive), low serum iron, elevated TIBC
>450, low transferrin saturation <20%
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, 3/3/26, 11:52 PM Emergency Medicine EOR: Hematology (Smarty PANCE)
What is the best single test to diagnose iron
deficiency anemia?
Serum ferritin <30 ng/mL — most sensitive and
specific; elevated in inflammation so pair with
CRP if infection suspected
What type of anemia is seen in chronic kidney
disease and why?
Normocytic normochromic anemia due to
decreased erythropoietin (EPO) production;
treat with EPO analogs and iron
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