NUTR 331 Midterm Exam
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1. Which macronutrient provides the highest amount of energy per
gram?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Alcohol
Answer: C. Fat
Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, whereas carbohydrates and
,proteins provide 4 kcal per gram, and alcohol provides 7 kcal per
gram. Fat is the most energy-dense macronutrient.
2. Which vitamin is fat-soluble?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin B6
Answer: C. Vitamin A
Rationale: Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble, meaning they are
stored in body fat and the liver. Vitamin C and B vitamins are water-
soluble and excreted more readily.
3. Which mineral is most critical for oxygen transport in the blood?
A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Magnesium
D. Potassium
Answer: B. Iron
Rationale: Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, which carries
oxygen in red blood cells. Deficiency can lead to anemia.
4. Dietary fiber is classified as:
A. Digestible carbohydrate
, B. Indigestible carbohydrate
C. Protein
D. Fat
Answer: B. Indigestible carbohydrate
Rationale: Fiber is a carbohydrate that humans cannot digest. It helps
regulate bowel movements and contributes to satiety.
5. The primary site of nutrient absorption in the gastrointestinal
tract is the:
A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Large intestine
D. Esophagus
Answer: B. Small intestine
Rationale: The small intestine has a large surface area with villi and
microvilli, making it the main site for absorption of most nutrients.
6. Which of the following is an essential amino acid?
A. Alanine
B. Leucine
C. Glycine
D. Tyrosine
, Answer: B. Leucine
Rationale: Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body
and must be obtained from the diet. Leucine is one of these, while
alanine, glycine, and tyrosine are non-essential.
7. Which macronutrient is primarily used for building and repairing
tissues?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Alcohol
Answer: B. Protein
Rationale: Proteins provide amino acids necessary for tissue synthesis,
repair, enzymes, and hormones.
8. The hormone insulin is secreted by:
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Gallbladder
D. Stomach
Answer: B. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas releases insulin in response to elevated blood
glucose levels, promoting glucose uptake into cells.
Questions and Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Plus
Rationales 2026 Q&A | Instant
Download Pdf
1. Which macronutrient provides the highest amount of energy per
gram?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Alcohol
Answer: C. Fat
Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, whereas carbohydrates and
,proteins provide 4 kcal per gram, and alcohol provides 7 kcal per
gram. Fat is the most energy-dense macronutrient.
2. Which vitamin is fat-soluble?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin B6
Answer: C. Vitamin A
Rationale: Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble, meaning they are
stored in body fat and the liver. Vitamin C and B vitamins are water-
soluble and excreted more readily.
3. Which mineral is most critical for oxygen transport in the blood?
A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Magnesium
D. Potassium
Answer: B. Iron
Rationale: Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, which carries
oxygen in red blood cells. Deficiency can lead to anemia.
4. Dietary fiber is classified as:
A. Digestible carbohydrate
, B. Indigestible carbohydrate
C. Protein
D. Fat
Answer: B. Indigestible carbohydrate
Rationale: Fiber is a carbohydrate that humans cannot digest. It helps
regulate bowel movements and contributes to satiety.
5. The primary site of nutrient absorption in the gastrointestinal
tract is the:
A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Large intestine
D. Esophagus
Answer: B. Small intestine
Rationale: The small intestine has a large surface area with villi and
microvilli, making it the main site for absorption of most nutrients.
6. Which of the following is an essential amino acid?
A. Alanine
B. Leucine
C. Glycine
D. Tyrosine
, Answer: B. Leucine
Rationale: Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body
and must be obtained from the diet. Leucine is one of these, while
alanine, glycine, and tyrosine are non-essential.
7. Which macronutrient is primarily used for building and repairing
tissues?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Alcohol
Answer: B. Protein
Rationale: Proteins provide amino acids necessary for tissue synthesis,
repair, enzymes, and hormones.
8. The hormone insulin is secreted by:
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Gallbladder
D. Stomach
Answer: B. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas releases insulin in response to elevated blood
glucose levels, promoting glucose uptake into cells.
