ANSC 4100 Midterm ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
C
Terms in this set (59)
Define homeotherm. (2) An animal with a relatively constant body temperature (TB)
What % of the kcal this animal consumes ??
goes to maintenance? (2)
Sensible Modes:
Radiation - movement of heat as electromagnetic waves (short and long wave, no
medium required)
Convection - transfer of heat by the movement of molecules
Conduction - transfer of heat through a medium without movement
What are the 5 modes of heat flow and
describe then. (15)
Latent Modes:
Evaporation - the absorption of heat by water as it changes from liquid to gas
(vapour) - no temperature change
Condensation - gas to liquid state change, heat is not lost but becomes dormant -
no temperature change
Change in rates of enzymatic reactions and other chemical reactions.
Physical damage from protein denaturation.
List 4 biological effects of temperature on
Physical damage from ice crystal formation.
an animal. (8)
Evaporative water loss.
Effects on non-covalent bonds.
Basal Metabolic Rate: BMR=70xBW^-0.75
Define BMR. (4) Animal must be: at rest but not sleeping, in a post-absorptive state but not starving,
without stress, in a thermoneutral environment
SA/kg decreases as body weight increases.
What happens to an animal's body surface
Smaller animals have a comparability larger body surface than larger animals.
area as body weight increases? What are
Small animals have an advantage in hot weather, more SA over which to lose excess
the outcomes between a small and large
heat.
animal relative to summer and winter
Small animals have a disadvantage in cold weather, more SA over which much
conditions? (6)
needed body heat can be lost.
, Effective SA is the SA over which heat can be lost or gained.
What determines effective surface area of Geometry of the animal (size, weight, configuration - genetic)
an animal's body? (4) Behaviour of the animal (posture - huddling decreases effective SA, sprawling
increases it)
Thermal conductivity is the rate of heat conductance through a substance, a measure
What is the relationship between thermal
of insulation value.
conductance and insulation value? Give an
Inverse relationship - as thermal conductance increases, insulation value decreases.
example of a low and high conducting
Low = plastic
material. (6)
High = metal
You have a 30kg and 80kg calf, what is the 30kg --- 1.01m2 --- 0.03 m2/kg
surface area difference between the two 80kg --- 1.74m2 --- 0.02 m2/kg
body weights? What is the SA per kg The SA/kg of a large animal is less than that of a small animal, therefore a large
difference and how does this affect body animal has less SA for heat loss in respect to its body weight, compared to a smaller
heat loss? A=0.15W^0.56 (6) animal.
Temperature humidity index = how hot does the animal feel with the combo of air
temperature and humidity.
Humid air 'feels' hotter than dry air.
When there is almost as much water vapour in the air as air at that temperature can
Define THI and why is it important? (4)
hold, the animal cant cool itself by evaporation because little or no more water can
evaporate.
THI is different for different species with different mechanisms for heat loss - affects
'sweaters' more than 'panters'
Pant: dogs, cats, kangaroo (when standing in the sun)
List 2 species that pant, 2 that sweat, and 1
Sweat: horses, donkey, cattle, kangaroo (when active)
that wallows. (5)
Wallows: pigs
How important is the cover layer of Very important, it traps still air to provide insulation. The more dense, the more
insulation of an animal and give two insulation you'll have.
examples. (4) Pelage (hair) and Plumage (feathers)
Between the upper and lower critical temperature.
Animal does not have to employ any behavioural strategy to conserve/lose heat.
Define thermoneutral zone. (4) 'Do nothing' comfort.
A homeothermic animal can maintain a stable TB without increasing its metabolic
rate.
What is the general rule for upper critical Upper lethal body temperature is about 3C higher than normal core body
temperature values for most domestic temperature.
animals? (2) EET 5C above body temperature is always lethal.
Fresh air is uniformly distributed (no drafts).
Exhaust respired moisture.
What are the 4 functions of ventilation? (4)
Remove any air contaminants (odour/gases/particles).
Maintain species specific building temperatures.
Bio-aerosols
Air contaminants are often describes as...
Dust
(3)
Gases
Ammonia
Carbon dioxide
What are 3 major gases in livestock
Carbon monoxide
facilities? (3)
Hydrogen sulfide
VOCs
C
Terms in this set (59)
Define homeotherm. (2) An animal with a relatively constant body temperature (TB)
What % of the kcal this animal consumes ??
goes to maintenance? (2)
Sensible Modes:
Radiation - movement of heat as electromagnetic waves (short and long wave, no
medium required)
Convection - transfer of heat by the movement of molecules
Conduction - transfer of heat through a medium without movement
What are the 5 modes of heat flow and
describe then. (15)
Latent Modes:
Evaporation - the absorption of heat by water as it changes from liquid to gas
(vapour) - no temperature change
Condensation - gas to liquid state change, heat is not lost but becomes dormant -
no temperature change
Change in rates of enzymatic reactions and other chemical reactions.
Physical damage from protein denaturation.
List 4 biological effects of temperature on
Physical damage from ice crystal formation.
an animal. (8)
Evaporative water loss.
Effects on non-covalent bonds.
Basal Metabolic Rate: BMR=70xBW^-0.75
Define BMR. (4) Animal must be: at rest but not sleeping, in a post-absorptive state but not starving,
without stress, in a thermoneutral environment
SA/kg decreases as body weight increases.
What happens to an animal's body surface
Smaller animals have a comparability larger body surface than larger animals.
area as body weight increases? What are
Small animals have an advantage in hot weather, more SA over which to lose excess
the outcomes between a small and large
heat.
animal relative to summer and winter
Small animals have a disadvantage in cold weather, more SA over which much
conditions? (6)
needed body heat can be lost.
, Effective SA is the SA over which heat can be lost or gained.
What determines effective surface area of Geometry of the animal (size, weight, configuration - genetic)
an animal's body? (4) Behaviour of the animal (posture - huddling decreases effective SA, sprawling
increases it)
Thermal conductivity is the rate of heat conductance through a substance, a measure
What is the relationship between thermal
of insulation value.
conductance and insulation value? Give an
Inverse relationship - as thermal conductance increases, insulation value decreases.
example of a low and high conducting
Low = plastic
material. (6)
High = metal
You have a 30kg and 80kg calf, what is the 30kg --- 1.01m2 --- 0.03 m2/kg
surface area difference between the two 80kg --- 1.74m2 --- 0.02 m2/kg
body weights? What is the SA per kg The SA/kg of a large animal is less than that of a small animal, therefore a large
difference and how does this affect body animal has less SA for heat loss in respect to its body weight, compared to a smaller
heat loss? A=0.15W^0.56 (6) animal.
Temperature humidity index = how hot does the animal feel with the combo of air
temperature and humidity.
Humid air 'feels' hotter than dry air.
When there is almost as much water vapour in the air as air at that temperature can
Define THI and why is it important? (4)
hold, the animal cant cool itself by evaporation because little or no more water can
evaporate.
THI is different for different species with different mechanisms for heat loss - affects
'sweaters' more than 'panters'
Pant: dogs, cats, kangaroo (when standing in the sun)
List 2 species that pant, 2 that sweat, and 1
Sweat: horses, donkey, cattle, kangaroo (when active)
that wallows. (5)
Wallows: pigs
How important is the cover layer of Very important, it traps still air to provide insulation. The more dense, the more
insulation of an animal and give two insulation you'll have.
examples. (4) Pelage (hair) and Plumage (feathers)
Between the upper and lower critical temperature.
Animal does not have to employ any behavioural strategy to conserve/lose heat.
Define thermoneutral zone. (4) 'Do nothing' comfort.
A homeothermic animal can maintain a stable TB without increasing its metabolic
rate.
What is the general rule for upper critical Upper lethal body temperature is about 3C higher than normal core body
temperature values for most domestic temperature.
animals? (2) EET 5C above body temperature is always lethal.
Fresh air is uniformly distributed (no drafts).
Exhaust respired moisture.
What are the 4 functions of ventilation? (4)
Remove any air contaminants (odour/gases/particles).
Maintain species specific building temperatures.
Bio-aerosols
Air contaminants are often describes as...
Dust
(3)
Gases
Ammonia
Carbon dioxide
What are 3 major gases in livestock
Carbon monoxide
facilities? (3)
Hydrogen sulfide
VOCs
