ANSC 4100 Midterm ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Terms in this set (90)
-involuntary erection or bristling of hairs due to a sympathetic nervous system
Piloerection
response, usually a result of cold or shock
-physical
What characteristics comprise the animal -chemical
environment? -biological
-behavioural
-animal growth
-metabolism
Various features of the environment -reproduction
influence what? -lactation
-disease status
-behaviour
-temp requirements
-patterns of locomotion
-social organization
-feeding and drinking patterns
What features of the animal influence its -parental behaviour
environmental requirements? -genetics (temp tolerance, coat colour, disease resistance)
-animal experience (how/where it was reared, learning)
-stage of production
-phenotypic size
-feeding system (competition, nutrients, social)
-thermal environment (temp, air movement, housing)
-lighting
-air quality
Features of the environment that influence -sanitation/disease transfer
animal biology -nutrient-environment interactions
-space and social setting
-equipment/furnishings(density, movement)
-noise (stress)
-genotype and environment
What two factors make up the
-environment influences gene expression
physiological phenotype of an animal?
-gene expression determines the response to the environment
-animal movement
What are the 4 most important things to -feed movement
remember when designing animal housing? -co-product movement
-people movement
-changes rate of enzymatic rxns and chemical rxns
-effects noncovalent bonds
What biological effects do fluctuating
-physical damage from protein denaturation or boiling
temps have?
-physical damage from ice crystal formation
-evaporative water loss
, Metabolic heat production in body (M)=heat gained from the environment (G)+ heat
lost back to the environment (L)
What is the heat balance equation?
M=G+L
What does it mean?
-tells that maintenance of a constant body temp depends on heat gained and heat
lost to the environment
What does it mean to say heat flow is -Sensible modes of heat flow can be sensed/measured by a thermometer
sensible? 1. Radiation-transfer of heat as electromagnetic waves
What are the 3 sensible modes of heat 2. Convection-transfer of heat by movement of molecules
flow? 3. Conduction-transfer of heat through a medium without movement
What does it mean to say heat flow is -heat flow is hidden
latent? 1. Evaporation-heat is absorbed by water as it changes from liquid to vapor
What are the 2 types of latent heat flow? 2. Condensation- no temp change; heat does not disappear it becomes dormant
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) -the rate at which the body uses energy when at rest to keep vital functions going
-as body weight increases surface area decreases (b/c its relative)
How are surface area and body weight
-a higher surface area to volume ratio=greater heat loss (AKA more surface
connected?
area=more heat loss)
animals living in cold environments tend to be larger than animals in warmer
Bergmann's Rule
environments (b.c larger animals have less SA to lose heat from)
animals in colder climates tend to have shorter extremities than animals in warmer
Allen's Rule
climates
What determines effective surface area of -geometry of the animal
an animal's body? -behaviour (postural adjustments alter effective SA)
What is effective SA? The surface area over which heat can be lost of gained
-sensible heat transfer
-transfer of heat w/o material movement
Conduction
-requires direct contact with the surface
-usually a minor part of an animal's heat exchange
-behaviour (contact area)
What influences the rate of conductive
-thermal conductivity of the surface
heat exchange?
-temp gradient across the surface
The rate of heat conductance through a substance, a measure of insulation value
Define Thermal conductivities
(high conductivity=low insulation)
-heat transport by streams of molecules moving from a warmer place to a cooler
Convection place
-sensible heat transfer
-Free convection: natural convection, due to thermal buoyancy
what are the 2 types of convection
-forced convection: due to winds, fans, disrupts the boundary layer of insulation
-animal insulation (boundary layer and cover layer)
-air speed (faster=more heat loss)
What influences convective heat loss?
-behaviour (orientation to the wind)
-environmental temp
What is the wind chill index? -expressed how the combo of air temp and air speed result in a given heat demand
-latent heat transfer
-heat is absorbed by water as it changes from liquid to vapor
Evaporation
-heat flow is hidden
-no temp change
Terms in this set (90)
-involuntary erection or bristling of hairs due to a sympathetic nervous system
Piloerection
response, usually a result of cold or shock
-physical
What characteristics comprise the animal -chemical
environment? -biological
-behavioural
-animal growth
-metabolism
Various features of the environment -reproduction
influence what? -lactation
-disease status
-behaviour
-temp requirements
-patterns of locomotion
-social organization
-feeding and drinking patterns
What features of the animal influence its -parental behaviour
environmental requirements? -genetics (temp tolerance, coat colour, disease resistance)
-animal experience (how/where it was reared, learning)
-stage of production
-phenotypic size
-feeding system (competition, nutrients, social)
-thermal environment (temp, air movement, housing)
-lighting
-air quality
Features of the environment that influence -sanitation/disease transfer
animal biology -nutrient-environment interactions
-space and social setting
-equipment/furnishings(density, movement)
-noise (stress)
-genotype and environment
What two factors make up the
-environment influences gene expression
physiological phenotype of an animal?
-gene expression determines the response to the environment
-animal movement
What are the 4 most important things to -feed movement
remember when designing animal housing? -co-product movement
-people movement
-changes rate of enzymatic rxns and chemical rxns
-effects noncovalent bonds
What biological effects do fluctuating
-physical damage from protein denaturation or boiling
temps have?
-physical damage from ice crystal formation
-evaporative water loss
, Metabolic heat production in body (M)=heat gained from the environment (G)+ heat
lost back to the environment (L)
What is the heat balance equation?
M=G+L
What does it mean?
-tells that maintenance of a constant body temp depends on heat gained and heat
lost to the environment
What does it mean to say heat flow is -Sensible modes of heat flow can be sensed/measured by a thermometer
sensible? 1. Radiation-transfer of heat as electromagnetic waves
What are the 3 sensible modes of heat 2. Convection-transfer of heat by movement of molecules
flow? 3. Conduction-transfer of heat through a medium without movement
What does it mean to say heat flow is -heat flow is hidden
latent? 1. Evaporation-heat is absorbed by water as it changes from liquid to vapor
What are the 2 types of latent heat flow? 2. Condensation- no temp change; heat does not disappear it becomes dormant
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) -the rate at which the body uses energy when at rest to keep vital functions going
-as body weight increases surface area decreases (b/c its relative)
How are surface area and body weight
-a higher surface area to volume ratio=greater heat loss (AKA more surface
connected?
area=more heat loss)
animals living in cold environments tend to be larger than animals in warmer
Bergmann's Rule
environments (b.c larger animals have less SA to lose heat from)
animals in colder climates tend to have shorter extremities than animals in warmer
Allen's Rule
climates
What determines effective surface area of -geometry of the animal
an animal's body? -behaviour (postural adjustments alter effective SA)
What is effective SA? The surface area over which heat can be lost of gained
-sensible heat transfer
-transfer of heat w/o material movement
Conduction
-requires direct contact with the surface
-usually a minor part of an animal's heat exchange
-behaviour (contact area)
What influences the rate of conductive
-thermal conductivity of the surface
heat exchange?
-temp gradient across the surface
The rate of heat conductance through a substance, a measure of insulation value
Define Thermal conductivities
(high conductivity=low insulation)
-heat transport by streams of molecules moving from a warmer place to a cooler
Convection place
-sensible heat transfer
-Free convection: natural convection, due to thermal buoyancy
what are the 2 types of convection
-forced convection: due to winds, fans, disrupts the boundary layer of insulation
-animal insulation (boundary layer and cover layer)
-air speed (faster=more heat loss)
What influences convective heat loss?
-behaviour (orientation to the wind)
-environmental temp
What is the wind chill index? -expressed how the combo of air temp and air speed result in a given heat demand
-latent heat transfer
-heat is absorbed by water as it changes from liquid to vapor
Evaporation
-heat flow is hidden
-no temp change
