NURS 403 LAST EXAM OF NURSING SCHOOL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
What are the four lobes of the brain? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Where is the frontal lobe located & what is it responsible for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Front of the
brain
Motor movement and personality
Where is the parietal lobe located & what is it responbile for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Behind frontal
lobe & above temporal lobes
Sensation & Perception
Where is the temporal lobe located and what is it responsible for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Side of the
brain, below parietal lobe and posterior to frontal lobe.
Sound recognition, speech, (Brocas and Wernickes area) and short term memory
Where is the occipital lobe located and what is it responsible for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Posterior
portion of the skull behind all other lobes
Vision
,What does the brainstem consist of? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The pons, medulla, and midbrain
Basic functioning occurs and all motor/sensory information is relayed. 10/12 cranial nerves sit here
Midbrain processes auditory and visual signals
Medulla controls HR, RR, BP
Pons controls RR / sleep-wake cycle
Where is the cerebellum located and what is it responsible for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Its located
inferior to the occipital lobe. It is responsible for coordination of movement.
Issues with this will result in problems w/ gait, unsteadiness.
What is the cerebral perfusion pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Pressure neeedd to ensure blood flow
to the brain
Normal CPP is 60-100mmHg
Less than 50 will result in ischemia to the brain
Less than 30 is incompatible with life
Formula for CPP is MAP - ICP = CPP
What's a normal cerebral perfusion pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅60-100 mmHg
What's the formula for Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP)? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅MAP - ICP = CPP
,Should be between 60-100 mmHg
What is autoregulation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the ability of tissues to regulate their own blood
supply despite changes in perfusion (either constrict or dilate)
What are the layers of the meninges? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅dura mater (top)
arachnoid mater (middle)
pia mater (closest to brain)
Where is an epidural hematoma? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Between the skull and the dura mater
*Emergent* - requires surgery to save their life
Where is a Subdural Hematoma? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅between dura and arachnoid space
Often associated with *venous* injuries
Where is a subarachnoid hemorrhage? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Between the arachnoid mater and pia
mater
Often associated with *aneurysms*
How would intracranial pressure (ICP) be defined? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The hydrostatic force
measured in the brains compartments / pressure in the head.
What is a normal ICP reference range? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅0-15 mmHg
At what ICP level would you intervene for treatment? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅If the ICP is greater than
20 mmHg
, What is the Monro-Kellie Doctrine? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅idea that the head is a closed shell and the
three major components (brain, blood, and CSF) are in a state of dynamic equilibrium
- as the volume of one goes up, the volume of another must go down
This compensatory mechanism can only go on for so long.
What are the 3 components of the Monro-Kellie Doctrine? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Brain
Blood
CSF
What's the gold standard assessment tool for level of consciousness? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Glasgow
Coma Scale (GCS)
What does the Glasgow Coma Scale measure? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Eye opening
Motor Response
Verbal Response
What clinical manifestations would you anticipate with increased ICP? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Headache (r/t compression of cerebral structures)
Cushings Triad (Elevated BP, Bradycardia, Widening Pulse Pressure, irregular respirations)
AMS (early sign)
Blown Pupil (unilateral - dilated) - *late sign*
ANSWERS
What are the four lobes of the brain? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Where is the frontal lobe located & what is it responsible for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Front of the
brain
Motor movement and personality
Where is the parietal lobe located & what is it responbile for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Behind frontal
lobe & above temporal lobes
Sensation & Perception
Where is the temporal lobe located and what is it responsible for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Side of the
brain, below parietal lobe and posterior to frontal lobe.
Sound recognition, speech, (Brocas and Wernickes area) and short term memory
Where is the occipital lobe located and what is it responsible for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Posterior
portion of the skull behind all other lobes
Vision
,What does the brainstem consist of? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The pons, medulla, and midbrain
Basic functioning occurs and all motor/sensory information is relayed. 10/12 cranial nerves sit here
Midbrain processes auditory and visual signals
Medulla controls HR, RR, BP
Pons controls RR / sleep-wake cycle
Where is the cerebellum located and what is it responsible for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Its located
inferior to the occipital lobe. It is responsible for coordination of movement.
Issues with this will result in problems w/ gait, unsteadiness.
What is the cerebral perfusion pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Pressure neeedd to ensure blood flow
to the brain
Normal CPP is 60-100mmHg
Less than 50 will result in ischemia to the brain
Less than 30 is incompatible with life
Formula for CPP is MAP - ICP = CPP
What's a normal cerebral perfusion pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅60-100 mmHg
What's the formula for Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP)? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅MAP - ICP = CPP
,Should be between 60-100 mmHg
What is autoregulation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the ability of tissues to regulate their own blood
supply despite changes in perfusion (either constrict or dilate)
What are the layers of the meninges? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅dura mater (top)
arachnoid mater (middle)
pia mater (closest to brain)
Where is an epidural hematoma? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Between the skull and the dura mater
*Emergent* - requires surgery to save their life
Where is a Subdural Hematoma? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅between dura and arachnoid space
Often associated with *venous* injuries
Where is a subarachnoid hemorrhage? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Between the arachnoid mater and pia
mater
Often associated with *aneurysms*
How would intracranial pressure (ICP) be defined? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The hydrostatic force
measured in the brains compartments / pressure in the head.
What is a normal ICP reference range? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅0-15 mmHg
At what ICP level would you intervene for treatment? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅If the ICP is greater than
20 mmHg
, What is the Monro-Kellie Doctrine? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅idea that the head is a closed shell and the
three major components (brain, blood, and CSF) are in a state of dynamic equilibrium
- as the volume of one goes up, the volume of another must go down
This compensatory mechanism can only go on for so long.
What are the 3 components of the Monro-Kellie Doctrine? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Brain
Blood
CSF
What's the gold standard assessment tool for level of consciousness? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Glasgow
Coma Scale (GCS)
What does the Glasgow Coma Scale measure? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Eye opening
Motor Response
Verbal Response
What clinical manifestations would you anticipate with increased ICP? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Headache (r/t compression of cerebral structures)
Cushings Triad (Elevated BP, Bradycardia, Widening Pulse Pressure, irregular respirations)
AMS (early sign)
Blown Pupil (unilateral - dilated) - *late sign*
