AQA A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 2
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Give one reason why schema's are useful? - (correct answer) -When
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
we're in unknown situations schemas help us know how to behave. So
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
when we do not know what to do our schema fills in the gaps for us and
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
allow us to process situations better.
ji ji ji ji ji ji
Give one reason why schema's are not useful? - (correct answer) -
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
schemas may exclude information which doesn't conform to our prior
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
expectations. As a result, we may form stereotypes which are difficult
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
to shift, even if new,disputing information is presented. This means we
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
may not be processing the world around us accurately and may
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
misjudge or represent a person or situation.
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Discuss the defense mechanism shown by Jed? - (correct answer) -
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Displacement is when we redirect our hostile feelings onto something ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
else because it is not appropriate to express their feeling towards the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
person or object in question. Jed can't take his frustration out on his
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
teacher, who issued the detention and he displaced his feelings by
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
kicking the locker.
ji ji ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
biological approach,
ji ji ji
(A01 Behaviourist) - (correct answer) -The behaviourist approach
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
suggests that the basic processes that govern learning in all species
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
are the same. We learn through two concepts: operant conditioning and
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
classical conditioning.
ji ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
biological approach, (classical conditioning) - (correct answer) -The
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
idea of classical conditioning was developed by Pavlov who found that
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
we learn through association. He found that it was possible to condition
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
, dogs to associate the sound of a bell with food. This resulted in the dogs
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
producing a salivation response at the sound of a bell even when no
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
food was present. Pavlov demonstrated that repeated exposure to an
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
event leads to a learned and uncontrollable behaviour.
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
biological approach, (operant conditioning) - (correct answer) -Skinner
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
suggested behaviour resulted from learning through the consequences
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
of our actions. He conducted research into operant conditioning theory
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
using rats, and found that three types of consequences will affect
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
behaviour: positive reinforcement involves rewarding a behaviour,
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
which increases it being repeated; negative reinforcement involves
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
removing an unpleasant outcome to increase it being repeated;
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
punishment involves adding an unpleasant outcome,reducing the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
behaviour.
ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
biological approach, (similarity to biological) - (correct answer) -Both
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
the behaviourist approach and biological approach share a similarity in
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
being determinist. Both ignore the influence that the person can have
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
and whether they have free will and can make their own choices in
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
these decisions.
ji ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
biological approach, (difference) - (correct answer) -However, they
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
differ in that the behaviourist approach is environmentally determinist
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
while the biological approach is biologically determinist. Stating that
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
behaviour is the product of internal biological factors (e.g. genes,
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
hormones, neurotransmitters, etc.) while behaviourists argue that
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
behaviour is determined by the environment and is a product of
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
stimulus-response associations
ji ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
biological approach (similarity) - (correct answer) -Both approaches
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
take a nomothetic approach when studying human behaviour. Both
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Give one reason why schema's are useful? - (correct answer) -When
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
we're in unknown situations schemas help us know how to behave. So
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
when we do not know what to do our schema fills in the gaps for us and
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
allow us to process situations better.
ji ji ji ji ji ji
Give one reason why schema's are not useful? - (correct answer) -
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
schemas may exclude information which doesn't conform to our prior
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
expectations. As a result, we may form stereotypes which are difficult
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
to shift, even if new,disputing information is presented. This means we
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
may not be processing the world around us accurately and may
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
misjudge or represent a person or situation.
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Discuss the defense mechanism shown by Jed? - (correct answer) -
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Displacement is when we redirect our hostile feelings onto something ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
else because it is not appropriate to express their feeling towards the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
person or object in question. Jed can't take his frustration out on his
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
teacher, who issued the detention and he displaced his feelings by
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
kicking the locker.
ji ji ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
biological approach,
ji ji ji
(A01 Behaviourist) - (correct answer) -The behaviourist approach
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
suggests that the basic processes that govern learning in all species
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
are the same. We learn through two concepts: operant conditioning and
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
classical conditioning.
ji ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
biological approach, (classical conditioning) - (correct answer) -The
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
idea of classical conditioning was developed by Pavlov who found that
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
we learn through association. He found that it was possible to condition
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
, dogs to associate the sound of a bell with food. This resulted in the dogs
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
producing a salivation response at the sound of a bell even when no
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
food was present. Pavlov demonstrated that repeated exposure to an
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
event leads to a learned and uncontrollable behaviour.
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
biological approach, (operant conditioning) - (correct answer) -Skinner
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
suggested behaviour resulted from learning through the consequences
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
of our actions. He conducted research into operant conditioning theory
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
using rats, and found that three types of consequences will affect
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
behaviour: positive reinforcement involves rewarding a behaviour,
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
which increases it being repeated; negative reinforcement involves
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
removing an unpleasant outcome to increase it being repeated;
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
punishment involves adding an unpleasant outcome,reducing the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
behaviour.
ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
biological approach, (similarity to biological) - (correct answer) -Both
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
the behaviourist approach and biological approach share a similarity in
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
being determinist. Both ignore the influence that the person can have
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
and whether they have free will and can make their own choices in
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
these decisions.
ji ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
biological approach, (difference) - (correct answer) -However, they
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
differ in that the behaviourist approach is environmentally determinist
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
while the biological approach is biologically determinist. Stating that
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
behaviour is the product of internal biological factors (e.g. genes,
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
hormones, neurotransmitters, etc.) while behaviourists argue that
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
behaviour is determined by the environment and is a product of
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
stimulus-response associations
ji ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
biological approach (similarity) - (correct answer) -Both approaches
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
take a nomothetic approach when studying human behaviour. Both
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
