MNT Exam 2 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Pharmacotherapy - CORRECT ANSWER Use of drugs for the treatment of disease and
health maintenance
Pharmacology - CORRECT ANSWER Study of drugs, properties, & their effects
Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER Study of drug absorption, distribution,
metabolism, & excretion
Orthomolecular Medicine - CORRECT ANSWER an alternative, evidence-based, or
often-criticized approach that aims to prevent or treat diseases by optimizing the body's
nutritional environment, specifically through high-dose supplements, vitamins, minerals, and
amino acids.
Megavitamin - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin or mineral intake > 10x RDA
(part of orthomolecular medicine)
Biotransformation - CORRECT ANSWER occurs in GI tract and liver (oxidation,
reduction and hydrolysis)
Occurs through a catalyst of enzyme systems
(Cytochrome p450 mixed-function oxidases systems help metabolize drugs, steroids, and
other compounds)
Polypharmacy - CORRECT ANSWER The use of many different drugs concurrently in
treating a patient, who often has several health problems.
Drug administration routes - CORRECT ANSWER enteral, parenteral, topical
, Sublingual or buccal - Under the tongue or in the cheek
Subcutaneous (SC), intradermal (ID), intramuscular (IM), intraperitoneal (IP), or intravenous
(IV)
Ophthalmic, otic, epidural, or intrathecal
(injection into the spinal canal)
Statins and grapefruit (and related citrus fruits furanocoumarins) interactions - CORRECT
ANSWER inhibit the cytrochrome P450 system
Warfarin (coumadin) and vitamin K - CORRECT ANSWER keep intake consistent:
Warfarin (Coumadin) works by interfering with how your body uses vitamin K. The
metabolism of warfarin (Coumadin), vitamin K, and vitamin K dependent clotting factors
takes place in your liver.
you need to maintain a balance between the amount of vitamin K in your body and the
amount of warfarin (Coumadin) prescribed by your healthcare provider.
MAOI inhibitors and foods to avoid - CORRECT ANSWER tyramine, doparmone,
histamine and phenylethylamine in foods and MAOIs together increases BP - can cause HTN
crisis in some patients thus requires a low tyramine diet
Drug used for seizures and interaction with enteral feedings - CORRECT
ANSWER Phenytoin - known for severe, clinically significant interactions with
continuous enteral feedings (e.g., Ensure, Osmolite),
-Interaction causes reduced absorption, subtherapeutic serum levels, and breakthrough
seizures.
CORRECT ANSWERS
Pharmacotherapy - CORRECT ANSWER Use of drugs for the treatment of disease and
health maintenance
Pharmacology - CORRECT ANSWER Study of drugs, properties, & their effects
Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER Study of drug absorption, distribution,
metabolism, & excretion
Orthomolecular Medicine - CORRECT ANSWER an alternative, evidence-based, or
often-criticized approach that aims to prevent or treat diseases by optimizing the body's
nutritional environment, specifically through high-dose supplements, vitamins, minerals, and
amino acids.
Megavitamin - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin or mineral intake > 10x RDA
(part of orthomolecular medicine)
Biotransformation - CORRECT ANSWER occurs in GI tract and liver (oxidation,
reduction and hydrolysis)
Occurs through a catalyst of enzyme systems
(Cytochrome p450 mixed-function oxidases systems help metabolize drugs, steroids, and
other compounds)
Polypharmacy - CORRECT ANSWER The use of many different drugs concurrently in
treating a patient, who often has several health problems.
Drug administration routes - CORRECT ANSWER enteral, parenteral, topical
, Sublingual or buccal - Under the tongue or in the cheek
Subcutaneous (SC), intradermal (ID), intramuscular (IM), intraperitoneal (IP), or intravenous
(IV)
Ophthalmic, otic, epidural, or intrathecal
(injection into the spinal canal)
Statins and grapefruit (and related citrus fruits furanocoumarins) interactions - CORRECT
ANSWER inhibit the cytrochrome P450 system
Warfarin (coumadin) and vitamin K - CORRECT ANSWER keep intake consistent:
Warfarin (Coumadin) works by interfering with how your body uses vitamin K. The
metabolism of warfarin (Coumadin), vitamin K, and vitamin K dependent clotting factors
takes place in your liver.
you need to maintain a balance between the amount of vitamin K in your body and the
amount of warfarin (Coumadin) prescribed by your healthcare provider.
MAOI inhibitors and foods to avoid - CORRECT ANSWER tyramine, doparmone,
histamine and phenylethylamine in foods and MAOIs together increases BP - can cause HTN
crisis in some patients thus requires a low tyramine diet
Drug used for seizures and interaction with enteral feedings - CORRECT
ANSWER Phenytoin - known for severe, clinically significant interactions with
continuous enteral feedings (e.g., Ensure, Osmolite),
-Interaction causes reduced absorption, subtherapeutic serum levels, and breakthrough
seizures.
