BIOL 2200 Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
A fish is excreting large volumes of water; we would describe it as
______________________ relative to its environment. - CORRECT ANSWER An
osmoregulator that is hyperosmotic.
Which of the following animals likely makes the most nitrogenous waste?
A. Frugivorous Bat
B. Insectivorous Frog
C. Piscivorous Seal
D. Granivorous Bird - CORRECT ANSWER C. Piscivorous Seal
Which of the following statements about mammalian excretion if FALSE:
A. Substances like solutes always diffuse across the nephron membrane, with direction based
on differences in the concentration gradient
B. Whenever water is diffusing out of nephron, solutes are diffusing in
C. Water resorption happens at every stage of the process, making the waste more and more
concentrated
D. A & B
E. A, B, and C - CORRECT ANSWER E. A, B, and C
The advantage of excreting nitrogenous wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that
________. - CORRECT ANSWER Urea is less toxic than ammonia
Uric acid is the _______________ toxic form of nitrogenous waste, has a very
_____________ water loss, and a very _____________________ energy expenditure. -
CORRECT ANSWER Least
Low
High
,Ammonia is likely to be the primary form of nitrogenous waste in an environment with a
mass abundance of _______________. - CORRECT ANSWER Water
The figure shows the human excretory system. Letters from A to E mark the definite
structures of this system. Letter A marks the vessels that nourish the kidney. Letter B marks
the tube, which goes from the kidney to bladder. Letter C marks the sac in the pelvis. Letter D
marks bean-shaped organ. Letter E marks the tube, which goes from bladder to outside.
Which labels the urethra? - CORRECT ANSWER E
Urine formed by a kidney collects in the _____ before being drained from the kidney by the
_____ and transported to the _____. - CORRECT ANSWER Renal Pelvis
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Fluid from the glomerulus first collects in ____________________________. - CORRECT
ANSWER Bowman's Capsule
The _____ are the major blood vessels transporting blood to the kidneys. - CORRECT
ANSWER Renal Arteries
What is the functional unit of a kidney? - CORRECT ANSWER Nephron
The ________________ is the outer part of the kidney. - CORRECT ANSWER Cortex
What is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, leading to a reduction in the overall filtrate
volume? - CORRECT ANSWER Water, NaCl, Ions, and Nutrients
The ascending loop of Henle is permeable to ____________, while it is impermeable to
_________________. - CORRECT ANSWER NaCl
Water
,In which part of the nephron does the filtrate have a higher osmolarity than the blood when it
enters and a lower osmolarity than the blood when it leaves? - CORRECT
ANSWER Ascending loop of Henle
What contributes most significantly to the kidney's high energy expenditure? - CORRECT
ANSWER Transport of NaCl in the thick portion of the ascending loop of Henle
True or False:
The collecting duct concentrates urine by actively reabsorbing NaCl. - CORRECT
ANSWER False
True or False:
Reabsorption of water and solutes in the proximal tubule reduces the volume of the filtrate. -
CORRECT ANSWER True
True or False:
The collecting duct becomes more permeable to water when the kidneys are in water-
conservation mode. - CORRECT ANSWER True
True or False:
Regulated changes in the epithelium of the loop of Henle allow the kidney to operate in
water-conservation mode. - CORRECT ANSWER False
Place the 4 general components of excretion in the correct order:
1. Excretion
2. Filtration
3. Reabsorption
4. Secretion - CORRECT ANSWER 2, 3, 4, 1
, Why doesn't your stomach digest itself or other components of the digestive tract? -
CORRECT ANSWER Stomach cells are digested; they are replaced very frequently
Which of the following statements about comparative morphology of alimentary canals is
true?
A. Herbivores have short alimentary canals relative to carnivores because plant material is
easy to digest
B. Herbivores have a long cecum relative to carnivores because bacteria help digest plant
material
C. Omnivores have shorter alimentary canals than carnivores because they eat both plants and
animals
D. All of the above
E. None of the above - CORRECT ANSWER B.
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Extracellular digestion requires specialized digestive organs
B. The human cecum plays a key role in digesting plant material
C. Chemical digestion is largely completed in the stomach
D. The liver is in chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients
E. None of the above - CORRECT ANSWER D.
Sexual reproduction is common among animals, but many plants asexually reproduce. Why?
A. Plants make their gametes via mitosis, so sexual reproduction does increase genetic
diversity as effectively as it does in animals
B. Plants are sessile, so finding a partner can be difficult and some reproduction is better than
no reproduction
C. In general, plants have shorter lifespans, so its more important for them to make lots of
offspring
D. A & B
E. All of the Above - CORRECT ANSWER B.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
A fish is excreting large volumes of water; we would describe it as
______________________ relative to its environment. - CORRECT ANSWER An
osmoregulator that is hyperosmotic.
Which of the following animals likely makes the most nitrogenous waste?
A. Frugivorous Bat
B. Insectivorous Frog
C. Piscivorous Seal
D. Granivorous Bird - CORRECT ANSWER C. Piscivorous Seal
Which of the following statements about mammalian excretion if FALSE:
A. Substances like solutes always diffuse across the nephron membrane, with direction based
on differences in the concentration gradient
B. Whenever water is diffusing out of nephron, solutes are diffusing in
C. Water resorption happens at every stage of the process, making the waste more and more
concentrated
D. A & B
E. A, B, and C - CORRECT ANSWER E. A, B, and C
The advantage of excreting nitrogenous wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that
________. - CORRECT ANSWER Urea is less toxic than ammonia
Uric acid is the _______________ toxic form of nitrogenous waste, has a very
_____________ water loss, and a very _____________________ energy expenditure. -
CORRECT ANSWER Least
Low
High
,Ammonia is likely to be the primary form of nitrogenous waste in an environment with a
mass abundance of _______________. - CORRECT ANSWER Water
The figure shows the human excretory system. Letters from A to E mark the definite
structures of this system. Letter A marks the vessels that nourish the kidney. Letter B marks
the tube, which goes from the kidney to bladder. Letter C marks the sac in the pelvis. Letter D
marks bean-shaped organ. Letter E marks the tube, which goes from bladder to outside.
Which labels the urethra? - CORRECT ANSWER E
Urine formed by a kidney collects in the _____ before being drained from the kidney by the
_____ and transported to the _____. - CORRECT ANSWER Renal Pelvis
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Fluid from the glomerulus first collects in ____________________________. - CORRECT
ANSWER Bowman's Capsule
The _____ are the major blood vessels transporting blood to the kidneys. - CORRECT
ANSWER Renal Arteries
What is the functional unit of a kidney? - CORRECT ANSWER Nephron
The ________________ is the outer part of the kidney. - CORRECT ANSWER Cortex
What is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, leading to a reduction in the overall filtrate
volume? - CORRECT ANSWER Water, NaCl, Ions, and Nutrients
The ascending loop of Henle is permeable to ____________, while it is impermeable to
_________________. - CORRECT ANSWER NaCl
Water
,In which part of the nephron does the filtrate have a higher osmolarity than the blood when it
enters and a lower osmolarity than the blood when it leaves? - CORRECT
ANSWER Ascending loop of Henle
What contributes most significantly to the kidney's high energy expenditure? - CORRECT
ANSWER Transport of NaCl in the thick portion of the ascending loop of Henle
True or False:
The collecting duct concentrates urine by actively reabsorbing NaCl. - CORRECT
ANSWER False
True or False:
Reabsorption of water and solutes in the proximal tubule reduces the volume of the filtrate. -
CORRECT ANSWER True
True or False:
The collecting duct becomes more permeable to water when the kidneys are in water-
conservation mode. - CORRECT ANSWER True
True or False:
Regulated changes in the epithelium of the loop of Henle allow the kidney to operate in
water-conservation mode. - CORRECT ANSWER False
Place the 4 general components of excretion in the correct order:
1. Excretion
2. Filtration
3. Reabsorption
4. Secretion - CORRECT ANSWER 2, 3, 4, 1
, Why doesn't your stomach digest itself or other components of the digestive tract? -
CORRECT ANSWER Stomach cells are digested; they are replaced very frequently
Which of the following statements about comparative morphology of alimentary canals is
true?
A. Herbivores have short alimentary canals relative to carnivores because plant material is
easy to digest
B. Herbivores have a long cecum relative to carnivores because bacteria help digest plant
material
C. Omnivores have shorter alimentary canals than carnivores because they eat both plants and
animals
D. All of the above
E. None of the above - CORRECT ANSWER B.
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Extracellular digestion requires specialized digestive organs
B. The human cecum plays a key role in digesting plant material
C. Chemical digestion is largely completed in the stomach
D. The liver is in chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients
E. None of the above - CORRECT ANSWER D.
Sexual reproduction is common among animals, but many plants asexually reproduce. Why?
A. Plants make their gametes via mitosis, so sexual reproduction does increase genetic
diversity as effectively as it does in animals
B. Plants are sessile, so finding a partner can be difficult and some reproduction is better than
no reproduction
C. In general, plants have shorter lifespans, so its more important for them to make lots of
offspring
D. A & B
E. All of the Above - CORRECT ANSWER B.
