PNH301 TEST 2 WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |
100% VERIFIED | NEWEST 2026/2027 UPDATE | GRADED A+ |
ASSURED PASS.
What is high blood pressure? - ANSWER 140/90 mmHg
Primary HTN - ANSWER elevated BP in the absence of underlying disease
Secondary HTN - ANSWER high BP due to underlying pathophysiology
(disease/disorder)
Diseases/Disorders that Contribute to HTN - ANSWER - kidney disease
- endocrine disorders
- pregnancy
- medications (steroids, contraceptives)
- neurological disorders
- congenital aortic disorders (coarctation or narrowing)
Diagnosing Hypertension (identifying if there's an underlying cause) - ANSWER -
urinalysis
- blood chemistry (K+, Na, blood urea, and creatinine)
- fasting blood glucose
- fasting total cholesterol
- 12 lead EKG
Complications of HTN - ANSWER - coronary artery disease
- left ventricular hypertrophy
- heart failure
- cerebrovascular disease
- peripheral arterial disease
- nephrosclerosis
- retinal damage
- arterial vessels of lower extremities
,Prevalence of HTN in specific groups - ANSWER - prevalence increases with age
- women with high BP have a greater risk for cardiovascular disease
- Indigenous people have a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease than non
indigenous people in Canada
- more prevalent in older women than in older men
-
Secondary Symptom's of HTN - ANSWER - fatigue
- decreased activity tolerance
- palpitations
- angina
- dyspnea
Goals of HTN Management - ANSWER - achieve and maintain target BP
- understand and implement therapeutic plan
- menial or no unpleasant adverse effects
- confidence of ability to manage and cope with condition
Age- Related Considerations (HTN) - ANSWER - loss of tissue elasticity
- increased collagen content and stiffness of the myocardium
- increased peripheral vascular resistance
- decreased B-adrenergic receptor sensitivity
- blunting of baroreceptor reflexes
- decreased kidney function
- decreased renin response to sodium and water depletion
Lifestyle Modifications (HTN) - ANSWER - nutrition
- weight reduction
- modification in alcohol consumption
- physical activity
- avoidance of tobacco products
- stress management
What is a hypertensive crisis? - ANSWER - severe abrupt increases in DBP
(defined as >120-130 mmHg)
- rate of increase in BP is more important than the absolute value
- often occurs in patients with a hisotry of HTN who have failed to adhere to their
medication regimen or who have been under medicated
, (180/120)
Hypertensive Crisis: Clinical Manifestations - ANSWER - encephaopathy, cerebral
hemorrhage
- acute renal failure
- MI
- acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary edema
- dissecting aortic aneurysm
Which factor is considered a non modifiable risk factor for the development of
hypertension? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
A. Age 65 years
B. Excessive dietary sodium
C. African descent
D. Excessive alcohol consumption
E. A family history of hypertension - ANSWER A. Age 65 years
C. African descent
E. A family history of hypertension
Which response by the nurse is best when a patient who has been diagnosed with
primary hypertension asks the nurse what caused this condition?
A. "There is no one identifiable reason"
B. "Kidney disease is the most common reason"
C. "It is caused by a decrease in plasma renin levels"
D. "There is too much plaque in the blood vessels" - ANSWER A. "There is no one
identifiable reason"
What is acute coronary syndrome? - ANSWER Associated with deterioration of an
atherosclerotic plaque that was once stable
Plaque ruptures, exposing the intima to blood and stimulating platelet
aggregation and local vasoconstriction with thrombus formation
What are the three types of acute coronary syndrome? - ANSWER - unstable
angina
- unstable lesion may be partially occuluded by a thrombus (NSTEMI)
- unstable lesion that may be totally occluded (STEMI)
What is a myocardial farction? - ANSWER - heart attack
100% VERIFIED | NEWEST 2026/2027 UPDATE | GRADED A+ |
ASSURED PASS.
What is high blood pressure? - ANSWER 140/90 mmHg
Primary HTN - ANSWER elevated BP in the absence of underlying disease
Secondary HTN - ANSWER high BP due to underlying pathophysiology
(disease/disorder)
Diseases/Disorders that Contribute to HTN - ANSWER - kidney disease
- endocrine disorders
- pregnancy
- medications (steroids, contraceptives)
- neurological disorders
- congenital aortic disorders (coarctation or narrowing)
Diagnosing Hypertension (identifying if there's an underlying cause) - ANSWER -
urinalysis
- blood chemistry (K+, Na, blood urea, and creatinine)
- fasting blood glucose
- fasting total cholesterol
- 12 lead EKG
Complications of HTN - ANSWER - coronary artery disease
- left ventricular hypertrophy
- heart failure
- cerebrovascular disease
- peripheral arterial disease
- nephrosclerosis
- retinal damage
- arterial vessels of lower extremities
,Prevalence of HTN in specific groups - ANSWER - prevalence increases with age
- women with high BP have a greater risk for cardiovascular disease
- Indigenous people have a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease than non
indigenous people in Canada
- more prevalent in older women than in older men
-
Secondary Symptom's of HTN - ANSWER - fatigue
- decreased activity tolerance
- palpitations
- angina
- dyspnea
Goals of HTN Management - ANSWER - achieve and maintain target BP
- understand and implement therapeutic plan
- menial or no unpleasant adverse effects
- confidence of ability to manage and cope with condition
Age- Related Considerations (HTN) - ANSWER - loss of tissue elasticity
- increased collagen content and stiffness of the myocardium
- increased peripheral vascular resistance
- decreased B-adrenergic receptor sensitivity
- blunting of baroreceptor reflexes
- decreased kidney function
- decreased renin response to sodium and water depletion
Lifestyle Modifications (HTN) - ANSWER - nutrition
- weight reduction
- modification in alcohol consumption
- physical activity
- avoidance of tobacco products
- stress management
What is a hypertensive crisis? - ANSWER - severe abrupt increases in DBP
(defined as >120-130 mmHg)
- rate of increase in BP is more important than the absolute value
- often occurs in patients with a hisotry of HTN who have failed to adhere to their
medication regimen or who have been under medicated
, (180/120)
Hypertensive Crisis: Clinical Manifestations - ANSWER - encephaopathy, cerebral
hemorrhage
- acute renal failure
- MI
- acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary edema
- dissecting aortic aneurysm
Which factor is considered a non modifiable risk factor for the development of
hypertension? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
A. Age 65 years
B. Excessive dietary sodium
C. African descent
D. Excessive alcohol consumption
E. A family history of hypertension - ANSWER A. Age 65 years
C. African descent
E. A family history of hypertension
Which response by the nurse is best when a patient who has been diagnosed with
primary hypertension asks the nurse what caused this condition?
A. "There is no one identifiable reason"
B. "Kidney disease is the most common reason"
C. "It is caused by a decrease in plasma renin levels"
D. "There is too much plaque in the blood vessels" - ANSWER A. "There is no one
identifiable reason"
What is acute coronary syndrome? - ANSWER Associated with deterioration of an
atherosclerotic plaque that was once stable
Plaque ruptures, exposing the intima to blood and stimulating platelet
aggregation and local vasoconstriction with thrombus formation
What are the three types of acute coronary syndrome? - ANSWER - unstable
angina
- unstable lesion may be partially occuluded by a thrombus (NSTEMI)
- unstable lesion that may be totally occluded (STEMI)
What is a myocardial farction? - ANSWER - heart attack
